问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面《孟子》选段,回答问题。

欲为君尽君道,欲为臣尽臣道:二者皆法尧、舜而已矣。不以舜之所以事尧事君,不敬其君者也,不以尧之所以治民治民,贼其民者也。(《孟子·梁惠王上》)

谏行言听,膏泽下于民;有故而去,则君使人导之出疆,又先于其所往;去三年不反,然后收其田里。此之谓三有礼焉。如此,则为之服矣。今也为臣。谏则不行,言则不听;膏泽不下于民;有故而去,则君搏执之,又极①之于其所往;去之日,遂收其田里。此之谓寇雠。寇雠何服之有?

(《孟子·离娄下》)

【注】①极:穷困,这里作使动用法,意思是使其处境极端困难。

小题1:下列有关上面两个选段内容的分析,不正确的一项是(  )(3分)

A.孟子认为,舜事尧是为臣的行为准则,尧治民是为君的行为准则。

B.孟子认为,历史榜样是人们效法和遵循的准则,不依榜样行事,就会失去规范。

C.孟子用对比的手法一正一反地告诉齐宣王如何才能让臣子在他死后为他服孝。

D.孟子用“寇雠何服之有”这个反问句向齐宣王强调了应该向臣子让步的重要性。小题2:上面两个选段内容所体现的孟子思想有何相同之处?请简析。(3分)

答案

小题1:D

小题2:第一段文字对君臣双方各自提出了要求:无论为君为臣,都要取法尧舜,自我完善。第二段文字强调君王要视臣如手足。两段文字都体现了孟子希望君王加强自我修养,善待臣子的思想。

小题1:

题目分析:孟子用“寇雠何服之有”这个反问句向齐宣王强调的是要视臣子如手足的重要性。

点评:“筛选与整合”在选择题中,主要是通过对芜杂的信息材料的比较甄别,来检验阅读理解的正确与否。因此一定要把选项和原文一一比对。

小题2:

题目分析:第一段文字:“欲为君尽君道,欲为臣尽臣道:二者皆法尧、舜而已矣”意思是:要做国君就应尽国君之道,要做臣属就应尽臣属之道,这两者都是效法尧、舜。第二段文字:“谏行言听,膏泽下于民”说的是君王要善待臣子。两段文字都体现了孟子希望君王加强自我修养,善待臣子的思想。

点评:首先要弄清选项中的“观点态度”所指的具体对象、文句范围。就是要看选项中列举的作者观点态度是针对哪一个人物、哪一桩事件的,具体在文中表现为一个语句还是一个物,一件事、一个文段,还是涉及全文。

【参考译文】

要做国君就应尽国君之道,要做臣属就应尽臣属之道,这两者都是效法尧、舜而已。不以舜事奉尧的做法来事奉君主,就是不敬奉自己的君主;不以尧治理民众的做法来治理民众,就是虐害自己的民众。

臣下有劝谏,君主接受,臣下有建议,君主听从,政治上的恩惠下达到老百姓;臣下有什么原因不得不离去,君主打发人送他出国境,并派人先到臣下要去的地方作一番安排布置;离开了三年还不回来,才收回他的土地和房屋。这就叫做三有礼。这样做了,臣下就会为他服孝。如今做臣下的,劝谏,君王不接受,建议,君王不听从;政治上的恩惠到不了老百姓身上;臣下有什么原因不得不离去,君主把他捆绑起来,还想方设法使他到所去的地方穷困万分;离开的当天就收回他的土地和房屋。这种情况叫做像对待仇敌一样对待臣下。君臣之间像仇敌一样,还有什么孝可服呢?

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     Displaying charitable behavior can develop your children's sympathy and desire to give.  Sherry, 
  __1__,   began doing so when her daughter,   Tracy,   was 4.  She __2__ to Tracy that there were
many children whose parents couldn't afford to buy them toys,   and she might want to __3__ the toys,  
and clothes she was "too big for",   and put them in a bag.  Tracy was __4__ to do this task,   and they
drove to a shelter __5__ by a local church.  Tracy carried the __6__ in.  __7__ Tracy became older,  
they would carry out this tradition a few times a year.  
      These activities showed Tracy that her mom was involved in helping the poor,   but __8__,   gave
her a chance to become involved.  Sometimes,   Tracy had a second thought about some toys she had
prepared to donate and decided to keep a few of them for herself.  This is fine.  __9__ children are
willing to give up some of their things,   they are on the right  10   .  
      Getting your children involved doesn't   11   much time and effort.  Grace and Kal's children attended
a local public   12    that had a shelter.  Once a week,   both of them brought two   13   of food to
school for the shelter.  Every member of the   14   worked there a few hours once a month.  One evening
the family   15    dinner there,   and the meal   16    canned peach.  Many years has passed and their
younger daughter   17   recalls how good it made her feel when she was 4 and saw the    18   eating her
peaches.  Today,   all three kids continue to be active  19   .     20   their parents.  
( )1. A. for example  
( )2. A. recalled    
( )3. A. pick up      
( )4. A. discouraged  
( )5. A. run          
( )6. A. toys        
( )7. A. Because      
( )8. A. after all    
( )9. A. As far as    
( )10. A. track      
( )11. A. spend      
( )12. A. school      
( )13. A. bottles    
( )14. A. shelter    
( )15. A. ordered    
( )16. A. included    
( )17. A. hardly      
( )18. A. homesick    
( )19. A. volunteers  
( )20. A. Because    
B. in other words
B. explained      
B. show up        
B. forced        
B. carried out    
B. clothes        
B. When          
B. above all      
B. As long as    
B. path          
B. share          
B. shelter        
B. boxes          
B. school        
B. had            
B. including      
B. never          
B. boys          
B. students      
B. But for        
C. all in all    
C. mentioned    
C. set up        
C. unwilling    
C. belonged to  
C. bag          
C. With          
C. at all        
C. Even though  
C. alternative  
C. require      
C. church        
C. bags          
C. family        
C. cooked        
C. contained    
C. still        
C. students      
C. children      
C. Thanks to    
D. in a word          
D. insisted            
D. gather up          
D. pleased            
D. invented            
D. task                
D. As                  
D. as a matter of fact
D. While              
D. choice              
D. replace            
D. meeting            
D. cans                
D. church              
D. served              
D. containing          
D. merely              
D. homeless            
D. persons            
D. Despite            
单项选择题