问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读。下面面的文言文,完成后面题目。

郎茂,字蔚之,恒山新市人也。少敏慧,七岁诵《骚》、《雅》,日千馀言。十五师事国子博士权会,受《诗》、《易))、《三礼》及玄象、刑名之学。又就国子助教张率礼受《三传》群言,至忘寝食。家人恐茂成病,恒节其灯烛。及长,称为学者,颇解属文。年十九,丁父忧,居丧过礼。迁保城令,有能名,百姓为立《清德颂》。及周武平齐,授陈州户曹。属高祖(扬坚)为亳州总管,见而悦之,命掌书记。时周武帝为《象经》,高祖从容谓茂曰:“人主之所为也,感天地,动鬼神,而《象经》多纠法,将何以致治?”茂窃叹曰:“此言岂常人所及也!”乃阴自结纳,高祖亦亲礼之。

高祖为丞相,以书召之,言及畴昔、甚欢。寻除卫国令。时有系囚二百,茂亲自究审数日,释免者百余人。历年辞讼,不诣州省。魏州刺史元晖谓茂曰:“长史言卫国民不敢申诉者,畏明府耳。”茂进曰:“民犹水也,法令为堤防,堤防不固,必致奔突,苟无决溢,使君

何患哉?”晖无以应之。有民张元预,与从父弟不睦。丞尉请加严法,茂曰:“元预兄弟,本相憎疾,又坐得罪,弥益其忿,非化民之意也。”于是遣县中耆旧更往敦谕,道路不绝。元预等各生感悔,诣县顿首请罪。茂晓之以义,遂相亲睦,称为友悌。

迁民部侍郎。时尚书右仆射苏成立条章,每岁责民间五品不逊。或答者乃云:“管内无五品不逊之家。”不相应领,类多如此。又为“余粮簿”,拟有无相赡。茂以为繁纡不急,皆奏罢之。茂性明敏,剖决无滞,当时以吏干见称。

炀帝即位,拜尚书左丞,参掌选事。茂工法理,为世所称。时工部尚书宇文恺、右翊卫大 * * 于仲文竞河东银窟。茂奏劾之,恺与仲文竟坐得罪。茂撰《州郡图经》一百卷奏之,赐帛三百段,以书付秘府。炀帝亲征辽东,以茂为晋阳宫留守。恒山王文同与茂有隙,奏茂朋党,附下罔上,诏遣苏威、裴蕴并治之。茂素与二人不平,因深文巧诋,成其罪状。帝大怒,及其弟司隶别驾楚之皆除名为民,徙且未郡。茂怡然受命,不以为忧。在途作《登垅赋》以自慰,词义可观。复附表自陈,帝颇悟。十年,追还京兆,岁余而卒,时年七十五。

(节选自《隋书·列传第三十一》)

小题1:对下列句子中加线字的解释,不正确的一项是

A.节其灯烛恒:常常。

B.高祖为毫州总管属:“嘱”,嘱托。

C.于是遣县中耆旧更往敦谕:告诉,使人知道。

D.每岁责民间五品不逊:顺,恭谦。小题2:下列各组句子中,加线词的意义和用法相同的一组是

A.①见悦之②朝济夕设版焉

B.①人主所为也②杳不知其所

C.①释免百余人②虽有槁暴,不复挺

D.①书付秘府②是区区不能废远小题3:下面四组句子中,分别表现郎茂“性明敏”、“工法理”的一组是

A.①七岁涌《骚》、《雅》,日千馀言

②迁保城令,有能名,百姓为立《清德颂》

B.①时有系囚二百,茂亲自究审数日,释免者百余人

②历年辞讼,不诣州省

C.①于是遣县中耆旧更往敦谕,道路不绝

②茂以为繁纡不急,皆奏罢之

D.①茂怡然受命,不以为忧②茂奏劾之,恺与仲文竟坐得罪

小题4:对原文有关内容的理解和分析,下列表述不正确的一项是

A.周武帝撰写《象经》,高祖杨坚不以为然,认为不利于治理国家,郎茂因此对高祖颇为敬重,暗自和他交往,高祖也亲近礼待他。

B.郎茂任卫国令期间,所处理的案什不曾诉到州省,魏州刺史元晖对此颇有微词,郎茂以“洪水”和“堤坝”作比,表达了自己勤政为民的节操和心志。

C.郎茂敢于坚持自己的观点,以有治政才干而被人称赞。苏威担任尚书右仆射期间,立下的许多规定不切实际,郎茂上奏皇帝取消了这些规定。

D.面对被流放的不幸遭遇,郎茂坦然接受,并在途中写下《登垅赋》,聊以自慰;同时又附表白陈,皇帝最终醒悟,把他召回京城。小题5:把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻泽成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)元预兄弟,本相憎疾,又坐得罪,弥益其忿,非化民之意也。(5分)

(2)恒山王文同与茂有隙,奏茂朋党,附下罔上,诏遣苏成、裴蕴并治之。(5分)

答案

小题1:B

小题2:A

小题3:B

小题4:B

小题5:(1)(5分)张元预兄弟俩,本来就互相厌恶憎恨,如果义因此获罪,更增加了他们之间的怨恨,这不是教化百姓的本意啊。 (2)(5分)恒山的王文同与郎茂有嫌隙,上奏郎茂结党营私,偏袒下属欺骗君上,皇上下诏派苏威、裴蕴一起查办他。

题目分析:

小题1:答题时要把实词放回到原文中进行理解,如“属”如果翻译为嘱托的话,整个句子就要译为嘱托高祖做亳州的总管,这显然是不正确的。)

小题2:皆为连词,表顺承。B①助词,用在主谓之间,取消句子独立性;③动词,到。C①代词,……的人;②代词,……的原因。D①介词,把;②介词,因。

小题3:解答本题时,要注意看清楚题干,题干是说:分别表现郎茂“性明敏”、“工法理”。因此,应该是前面一句是表现郎茂“性明敏”,后面一句是表现郎茂“工法理”,因此,该题选B

小题4:“表达了自己勤政为民的节操和心志”与文意不符,郎茂意在反唇相讥,说明元晖的担忧不必要。

小题5:本题首先要找出关键字或句式进行翻译,一般为直译,除一些带有比喻性的词语然后再整体翻译,并按现代汉语的规范,达到词达句顺。关键字(1) “憎疾”译为厌恶憎恨,“坐”译为获,“弥”译为增加,“益”译为更,“化”译为教化。(2) “隙”译为嫌隙,“朋党”译为结党营私,“诏遣”译为下诏派,“并治” 译为一起查办,句意一分。

【参考译文】

郎茂,字蔚之,是衡山新市人。年少时敏捷聪慧,七岁就能背诵《骚》《雅》,每天能背下一千多字。十五岁时师从国子博士权会,学习《诗》、《易》、《三礼》、玄象和刑名这类学问。又到国子助教张率礼那里学习《三传》的各家著述,以致废寝忘食。家人害怕朗茂(苦学)生病,常常节减他的灯烛。等到他长大成人,被称为有才学的人,很擅于写文章。十九岁的时候,遭父丧,服丧的礼节超过了一般人。任职保城令,以有能力扬名,百姓为他立碑写了《清德颂》。到了周武帝平定齐国的时候,他被授予郴州户曹之职。适逢高祖(杨坚)做亳州总管,见了朗茂,非常高兴,让他做掌书记。当时周武帝作《象经》,高祖镇定地对郎茂说:“人主的所作所为,感动天地,惊动鬼神,但是《象经》里有很多乱法,将怎能使国家安定太平?”朗茂私下里感叹道:“这些话哪里是一般人所能说出来的!”于是他暗自(与高祖)结交,高祖也亲近礼待郎茂。

高祖作丞相时,用书信召来郎茂,说起往事,很高兴。不久,郎茂被授予卫国令。当时有二百多被抓捕的囚犯,郎茂亲自审核数日,免罪释放了一百多人。卫国县历年的诉讼案件,没有被送到州省里的。魏州刺史元晖对郎茂说:“长史说卫国的百姓不敢申诉的原因,是害怕您罢了。”郎茂回答说:“百姓像水一样,法令就像是堤岸,堤岸不稳固,一定会导致水流冲决,如果没有水冲决流溢,使君还担心什么呢?”元晖无以应对。有百姓叫张元预的,和堂弟不相和睦,丞尉请求用严法惩办,郎茂说:“元预兄弟俩,本来就互相厌恶憎恨,如果又因此获罪,就更增加了他们之间的怨恨,这不是教化百姓的本意啊!”于是派遣县里的有声望的老人交替前往语重心长地劝说,在路上来往不断。元预等人都受到触动心生悔意,到县衙扣头请罪。郎茂用道理让他们明白,于是他们和睦相处,被称为兄弟友爱。

(郎茂)升任民部侍郎。当时尚书右仆射苏威制定条例章程,每年都责怪百姓不具备(仁义礼智信)五种品质。有时就回答说:“管辖范围内没有不谦逊的五品之家。”不理会他,很多事情都像这样。苏威又制作了“余粮簿”,打算让富有的和贫穷的百姓相互扶持。郎茂认为太繁琐,执行起来不便捷,都上奏朝廷免去了。郎茂生性聪敏,断案不拖沓,当时以为官干练著称。

炀帝即位后,郎茂被授予尚书左丞,参与选拔官吏之事。郎茂精通理法,被世人称道。当时工部尚书宇文恺、右翊卫大 * * 于仲文争夺河东银矿。郎茂上奏弹劾他们。宇文恺和于仲文最终因此获罪。郎茂撰写一百卷《州郡图经》上奏,(皇帝)赏赐他三百段帛,他把撰写的这些书交付秘府。炀帝亲自讨伐辽东,让朗茂做晋阳宫留守。恒山的王文同与郎茂有嫌隙,上奏郎茂结党营私,偏袒下属欺骗君上,皇上下诏派苏威、裴蕴一起查办他。郎茂向来与二人不和,(他们)趁机罗织罪名蓄意毁谤,作成郎茂的罪状。皇帝非常生气,连同他的弟弟司隶别驾郎楚之都贬职为百姓,流放到且未郡。郎茂欣然领命,不把它放在心上。在途中作《登垅赋》自我安慰,从词义中可见。又附表陈说自己,皇帝多有醒悟。炀帝十年,又调回京职,一年多之后就去世了。时年七十五岁。

阅读理解

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Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by teachers and other education experts. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) led the effort.

The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to the individual states.

Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.

Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act.

Kara Schlosser is communications director for the Council of Chief State School Officers. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.

Forty-eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states reject the idea. Critics(批评家) say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee(保证) excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the proposal will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal interference or control.

Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify(合格) for some federal grant money.

60.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Local Control of Education Standards out of Date

B.American National Education Standards under Consideration

C.Education Standards in Each State – Good or Bad

D.Acceptance of the New Standards in the United States

61.Why is local control of education no longer a good idea today?

A.Because local standards are limited.

B.Because it is required by the federal government.

C.Because people today moves among states more often than before.

D.Because America has never has the same school standards thought the country.

62.Some people are against the national education standards because__________.

A.the standards are higher than those of each state

B.the are nor yet prepared for the new standards

C.the standards may prevent some students gaining excellence

D.they don’t want the federal government to train their teachers

63.If a state agrees to accept the motional standards, it will probably get__________.

A.more students             B.advice on how to improve teaching

C.better textbooks             D.money from the federal government

判断题