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     Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value . The concept

dates back to1623,when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. IP rights protect

an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example. if somebody 

generates an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to

represent the idea or develop it further, he/she  must consult the original artists,

    who will normally be rewarded   financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights

were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing ,

but today, intellectual property rights are also enjoyedby those who create music, art and literature.

     In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a

technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet. Many years ago, if you

wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store;if a novel,from a

bookstore. In those days,IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain

intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs,films,books

and artwork,can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now

taken the world by storm,dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.

1. According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to_______.

A. those creating music, art and literature

B. novelists

C. engineers and inventors

D. those not receiving financial reward for their work

2. What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?

A. It makes IP rights harder to protect.

B. It sells songs and films.

C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.

D. It prevents the production of artwork.   

3. According to Paragraph 2,what has "taken the world by storm"?

A. Intellectual property rights.

B. The Internet.

C. Free downloading.

D. The large number of songs, films and books.   

4. A possible title for this passage could be_______.

A. A History of IP Rights

B. Ways to Protect Your IP Rights

C. The Present and the Future of IP

D.IP Rights and Our Attitudes