问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成小题。

狄青,字汉臣,汾州西河人。善骑射。初隶骑御马直,选为散直。宝元初,李无昊反,诏择卫士从边,以青为三班差使、殿侍、延州指使。时偏将屡为贼败,士卒多畏怯,青行常为先锋。凡四年,前后大小二十五战,中流矢者八。破金汤城,略宥州,收其帐二千三百,生口五千七百。又城桥子谷,筑招安、丰林、新砦、大郎等堡,皆扼贼要害。尝战安远,被创甚,闻寇至,即挺起驰赴,众争前为用。临敌被发、带铜面具,出入贼中,皆披靡莫敢当。

尹洙为经略判官,青以指使见,洙与谈兵,善之,荐于经略使韩琦、范仲淹曰:“此良将材也。”二人一见奇之,待遇甚厚。仲淹以《左氏春秋》授之曰:“将不知古今,匹夫勇尔。”青折节读书,悉通秦、汉以来将帅兵法,由是益知名。以功累迁西上阁门副使,擢秦州刺史、泾原路副都总管、经略招讨副使,又加捧日天武四厢都指挥使、惠州团练使。

仁宗以青数有战功,欲召见问以方略,会贼寇渭州,命图形以进。元昊称臣,徙真定路副都总管,历侍卫步军殿前都虞候、眉州防御使,迁步军副都指挥使,保大、安远二军节度观察留后,又迁马军副都指挥使。青奋行伍,十余年而贵,是时面涅②犹存。帝尝敕青傅药除字,青指其面曰:“陛下以功擢臣,不问门第,臣所以有今日,由此涅尔,臣愿留以劝军中。”以彰化军节度使知延州,擢枢密副使。青在枢密四年,每出,士卒辄指目以相矜夸。

嘉祐中,京师大水,青避水徙家相国寺,行止殿上,人情颇疑,乃罢青为同中书门下平章事,出判陈州。明年二月,疽发髭,卒。帝发哀,赠中书令,谥武襄。

青为人慎密寡言,其计事必审中机会而后发。行师先正部伍,明赏罚,与士同饥寒劳苦,虽敌猝犯之,无一士敢后先者,故其出常有功。尤喜推功与将佐。熙宁元年,神宗考次近世将帅,以青起行伍而名动夷夏,深沈有智略,能以畏慎保全终始,慨然思之,命取青画像入禁中,御制祭文,遣使赍中牢②祠其家。

(选自《宋史·狄青传》,有删节)

【注】 ①面涅:面部创伤的瘢痕 ②中牢:猪羊二牲。指古代一种祭祀的规格。

小题1:对下列句子中加线词的解析,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.时偏将屡贼败为:因为

B.皆披靡莫敢当披靡:溃逃

C.宥州略:占领

D.以彰化军节度使延州知;掌管小题2:下列各组句子中,能表现狄青“深沉有智略”的一项是:

①时偏将屡为贼败,士卒多畏怯,青行常为先锋。

②又城桥子谷,筑招安、丰林、新砦、大郎等堡,皆扼贼要害。

③青折节读书,悉通秦、汉以来将帅兵法

④青在枢密四年,每出,士卒辄指目以相矜夸。

⑤行师先正部伍,明赏罚。

⑥仲淹以《左氏春秋》授之曰:“将不知古今,匹夫勇尔。”

A.①②③

B.②③⑤

C.①④⑥

D.③⑤⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确一的项是(3分) (    )

A.狄青善于骑射,李元昊谋反时,他多次充当先锋,率领士兵夺关斩将,先后攻克金汤城、宥州等地。他每战披头散发,戴铜面具,冲锋陷阵,所向披靡。

B.狄青经经略判官尹洙的推荐,得到了经略使韩琦、范仲淹的赏识。范仲淹授以《左氏春秋》,狄青因此折节读书。后因为功劳大升迁很快。

C.狄青屡立战功,仁宗曾召他进京询问方略,后因战事紧迫,狄青再赴前线,画出作战地图送至京师,仁宗非常器重狄青,后升他为枢密副使。

D.狄青为人缜密寡言,考虑事情深思熟虑。行军打仗,先整顿队伍,明确赏罚,又与士兵同甘共苦,打仗时士兵都冲锋在前,因而屡建战功。小题4:把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)尝战安远,被创甚,闻寇至,即挺起驰赴,众争前为用。(5分)

                                                                      

(2)陛下以功擢臣,不问门第,臣所以有今日,由此涅尔,臣愿留以劝军中。(5)

                                                                      

答案

小题1:A

小题2:B

小题3:C

小题4:(1)曾经在安远作战,他受伤很重,但听说敌寇到了,就又挺身骑马速往前线,士兵们因此也争先恐后,为他效力。

(2)陛下根据功劳提拔臣,而没过问臣的出身,臣有今天,就是因为这些疤痕,臣希望保留它好鼓励军队。

题目分析:

小题1:A为,表被动

小题2:B ①是表明狄青作战勇猛④是表明狄青因功受人敬仰⑥是范仲淹劝勉狄青要读书

小题3:C因正逢敌兵进犯,并未召回。

小题4:(1)在翻译这个句子的时候,得分点:尝、战安远(状语后置)、被、驰赴、为用,各1分(2)这个句子中得分点:以、擢、门第、所以、劝,各1分。

点评:本题中文言实词的考查,比较简单。需要注意的是第2个小题,首先要理解“深沉有智略”的含义,然后能明确各个分句里说的到底是什么。这种题型一般都会设置一些障眼法,有的是狄青的行为,却不能体现 “深沉有智略”。所以做这类题一定要细心。翻译文言语句是文言文阅读的必考题。文言翻译的标准是三个字:信、达、雅。对于学生而言,能达到前两个标准“信”(准确无误)和“达”(通顺流畅)就很不错了。因为高考要求文言翻译要直译,讲究字字落实,特别是对关键词语的理解、特殊句式的判断要求较高。

文言文参考译文:

狄青,字汉臣,汾州西河县人。精通骑马射击。早期是隶属于御马直的一名骑兵,后选做散置D宝元 初期,西夏李元吴反叛,朝廷下诏选择卫士到边疆,饪命狄青为三班差使、殿侍兼延州指使。当时前线的偏将屡次被敌军打败,士兵大多畏惧胆怯,狄青行军打仗时经常亲自做先锋。作战四年,前后大小打了二十五场战斗,中乱箭多达八次。攻陷金汤城,夺取宥州,收缴帐篷二千三百只,俘虏五千七百人。又建挢子谷城,筑建招安、丰林、新砦、大郎等城堡,这些城堡都扼制着敌方要害之地。曾经在安远作故,他受伤很童,但听说敌寇刭了,就又梃身骑马速往,士兵因此也争先恐后,为他效力。临敌作故时,坡头散发、带铜面具,出入敌军中,敌人均望风城靡,没人敢挡。

尹洙任经略判官时,狄青以指使身份求见,尹洙与他谈论军事,很欣赏他,便推荐他给经略使韩琦、范仲淹,并说:“这是良将之材。”二人一见狄青,便认为是个奇才,对他厚礼相待。范仲淹教他读

《左氏春秋》,对他说:“将帅不知古今历史,就只有匹夫之勇。”狄青从此改变志趣,读起书来,终于精通秦汉以来将帅的兵法,因此更加知名。积功升任西上阁门副使,后又晋升为秦州刺史、泾原路副都总管、经略招讨副使,又加升为捧日天武四厢都指挥使、惠州团练使。

宋仁宗因狄青多次建立战功,想要召见他并向他询问军国大计,遇上敌寇侵犯渭州,便命令他画出军事地图送上来。西夏元昊称臣降服后,狄青调任真定路副都总管,历任侍卫步军殿前都虞候、眉州防御使,升步军副都指挥使、保大安远二军节度观察留后,又升马步军副都指挥使。狄青在军队中奋斗,十多年后才显贵起来,当时脸上还留有黑疤。皇帝曾劝狄青敷药除掉黑疤,狄青指着自己的脸说“:陛下根据功劳提拔臣,而没过问臣的出身门户,臣有今天,就是因为这些疤痕,臣希望保留它好鼓励军队。”后以彰化军节度使身份任延州知府,又升枢密副使。狄青任枢密使四年,每当他出现时,士卒总会指着他互相夸奖赞叹。

嘉佑年间,京师发大水,狄青避水将家搬到相国寺,竟在佛殿上居住,民情对此颇有疑惑议论,朝廷便降狄青为同中书门下平章事,离京出任陈州知州。第二年二月,因嘴上生毒疮,病死。皇帝为他哀悼,追赠他为中书令,赐谥为“武襄”。

狄青为人缜密寡言,谋事必先仔细考虑成功的把握,选准制胜的机会然后进行。行军打仗,先整顿队伍,明确赏罚,又与士兵同艰共苦,因此虽然敌人突然袭击,也没有一个士兵敢不冲锋向前,因此他出兵屡建战功。尤其喜欢将战功推给辅佐将领。熙宁元年,宋神宗给近世将帅排名次,认为狄青从行伍出身而名震中外,为人深沉而有谋略,又能谨小慎微,保全名声,有始有终,对狄青颇为感慨和思念,下令取来狄青的画像放进宫中,并亲为他御制祭文,又派遣使者到他家,用中牢的礼节来祭祀。

选择题
单项选择题

"The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has all but disappeared," claimed a newspaper. Legislation that made it easier to get hold of a drink was "an Act for the increase of drunkenness and immorality", asserted a politician.

The first statement comes from 2005, the second from 1830. On both occasions, the object of scorn was a parliamentary bill that promised to sweep away " antiquated" licensing laws. As liberal regulations came into force this week, Britons on both sides of the debate unwittingly followed a 19th-century script.

Reformers then, as now, took a benign view of human nature. Make booze cheaper and more readily available, said the liberalisers, and drinkers would develop sensible, continental European-style ways. Nonsense, retorted the critics. Habits are hard to change; if Britons can drink easily, they will drink more.

Worryingly for modern advocates of liberalisation, earlier doomsayers turned out to be right. Between 1820 and 1840, consumption of malt (which is used to make beer) increased by more than 50%. Worse, Britons developed a keener taste for what Thomas Carlyle called "liquid madness"—gin and other spirits.

The backlash was fierce. Critics pointed to widespread debauchery in the more disreputable sections of the working class. They were particularly worried about the people who, in a later age, came to be known as "ladettes". An acute fear, says Virginia Berridge, who studies temperance at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, was that women would pass on their sinful ways to their children.

In the 19th century, temperance organisations set up their own newspapers to educate the public about the consequences of excess. That, at least, has changed: these days, the mainstream media rail against the demon drink all by themselves.

Which of the following could be the best title for the text()

A. Old Wine, New Bottle

B. Mainstream Media, Nonsense

C. Doomsayers, Unwarranted Arguments

D. Fierce Backlash, Immorality