问题 填空题

(三选一)【化学与技术】

海洋中含有丰富的资源,是人类的巨大宝库。我国拥有很长的海岸线,东部沿岸海滩平缓,多细沙,日照时间长,不少盐场均集中于此。回答下列问题:

(1)制海盐方法如下:海水涨潮时,将海水引入盐田,等落潮时,再用日晒的方法,待盐田水分蒸发到一定程度时,撒入食盐颗粒(称为晶种),食盐晶体即从饱和溶液中析出。请说明盐田获得食盐晶体的条件:_____。

(2)以食盐为主要原料可以制备纯碱。试用化学方程式表示其制备过程:______、_____。此法制得的纯碱中常含有少量氯化钠,要测定样品中的纯碱的质量分数,还可利用如图装置进行实验:

请你用一句话叙述该实验设计的基本原理:_______________

(3)氯碱化工厂制得的烧碱中也含有少量氯化钠(假设不含其他杂质),用中和滴定法设计一个实验方案以测定样品中烧碱和氯化钠的质量分数。试剂是0.1000mol/L盐酸、酚酞溶液,仪器是50mL的酸式滴定管、锥形瓶。其实验的主要步骤是_______、_______、滴定。

(4)工业上用电解法制备金属钠,但制备金属钾一般不采用电解熔融氯化钾,而是采用热还原法来制备。在850℃用金属钠来还原KCl,反应如下:Na(l)+KCl(l)NaCl(l)+ K(g)。工业上应采用哪些措施才能使反应向正反应方向移动?___________________

答案

(1)日照时间长,水分蒸发快

(2)NaCl+CO2+H2O+NH3=NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl;2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O;通过测定U形管反应前后的质量变化,求出反应产生的CO2的量,进而计算出试样中的纯碱的质量分数

(3)称量;溶解

(4)不断分离出钾蒸气并冷凝

阅读理解

  I moved into an empty dormitory for the first time two years ago. 小题1: ________Firstly,I realized that I didn’t know anybody at the school. Secondly,I knew that I wanted to  work hard at my lessons and learn something useful. And thirdly,I wanted to have a good time with new classmates,without my parents around.

The first realization frightened me in the beginning. But that fear quickly disappeared. It was the other two goals that ended up being my difficulties. I knew that it was hard to devote enough time to class and to social efforts .小题2:________I knew this would be a challenge,but I didn’t realize how much until classes began.

I got on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. Often,instead of finishing my homework before it was due,I went downstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. 小题3:________ I knew it wasn’t very good and the grade I received showed my lack of effort.

I was aware that I needed to find some sort of balance. So I created a schedule that would divide my time up between going to class,doing homework,and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea,but I was only able to follow it for a few days. 小题4: ________

So I tried another plan. Each week I made a list of everything I had to get done during that week.  Then,under the list of things I had to get done,I made a list of things I could do if I had time. 小题5:________I’m glad that I’ve learned to balance things and it has helped prepare me for what is to come after graduation.

A.I was certain of a few things.

B.But I wanted to succeed in both.

C.I always finished it the next day between classes.

D.I didn’t get along well with my teachers.E.This is the method I have used since then.

F.A schedule like that was too much pressure.

G.I made a plan to study hard and communicate with others.

多项选择题