问题 问答题

某小组为证明同温同压下,同浓度,同体积的酸性不同的两种二元酸与足量镁带反应时生成H2量相同而反应速率不同,装置如图.主要步骤如下:

(1)配制浓度为0.5mol/L的硫酸和草酸溶液;

(2)用______量取10.00mL0.5mol/L的硫酸和草酸溶液分别加入两锥形瓶中;

(3)分别取去表面氧化膜的鎂带系于铜丝末端;

(4)检查装置气密性,乙中装满水,按图连接好装置;

(5)将铜丝下移,使足量鎂带浸如酸中(铜丝不与酸接触)至完全反应,同时记录______;

(6)反应结束时,读取量筒内水体积ymL.

将以上步骤补充完整并回答下列问题

(1)(4)中如何检查气密性______;

(2)用ρ=1.84  98.3%的浓硫酸配制250mL,c=0.5mol/L硫酸,主要仪器有______、______、烧杯、玻璃棒、酸式滴定管等;

(3)读取量筒内水体积时,必须注意的问题是______;

(4)简述速率不等的原因______,铜丝不能与酸接触的原因______;

(5)此实验说明草酸为弱酸,请再设计一实验证明:______.

答案

酸溶液应用酸式滴定管量取,如用碱式滴定管会腐蚀橡胶管;比较化学反应速率,必须是比较一定时间之内的反应物浓度的变化或其它量的变化,故答案为:酸式滴定管;反应所需时间;

(1)如不漏气,加热时容器内压强增大,会有气泡冒出,故答案为:往丙中加水没过导气管口下端,两手掌紧贴甲外壁一会儿,若观察到丙中导气管冒气泡,表明装置不漏气;

(2)配制溶液所需仪器有:250ml容量瓶、烧杯、玻璃棒、量筒或滴定管、胶头滴管等.故答案为:250ml容量瓶、胶头滴管;

(3)读数时要保持左右气体压强相等,以减少误差,故答案为:读数时保持乙丙中液面相平;待装置冷却至室温再读数;

(4)影响化学反应速率的因素有浓度、温度、压强等,本题为浓度不同,为测定镁与酸反应的速率,不能将铜丝与酸接触,否则易形成原电池,加快反应速率,干扰实验测定,

故答案为:H+浓度不同;与铜易形成原电池,加快反应速率,干扰实验测定;

(5)弱电解质存在电离平衡、不完全电离等性质,可任意选择合理方法,故答案为:测定草酸钠溶液的PH,如大于7,则为弱酸(其它合理答案也可以).

解答题
单项选择题


阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
Captain Cook Arrow Legend It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has (1) ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook (2) died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779. "There is (3) Cook in the Australian Museum," museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its (4) , "Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum," which (5) include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778. Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with (6) the "Great South Land," (7) Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii. The legend of Cook’s arrow began in 1824 (8) Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife, saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal (9) with islanders. In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued (10) it came face-to-face with science. DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more (11) made of animal bone, said Philp. However, Cook’s fans (12) to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered. As they say there is evidence not all of Cook’s body was (13) at sea in 1779. "On this occasion technology has won," said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a (14) from Britain. "But I am (15) that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be time and it will happen one day." DNA n. 脱氧核糖核酸 Hawaiian adj.夏威夷的 Uncovered adj.被发掘的 cape n.斗篷 credit v.把……归功于 club v.用棍棒打 1. A. finally B. firstly C. lately D. usually 2. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 3. A. some B. none C. neitherD. no 4. A. cinema B. exhibition C. shop D. market 5. A. must B. did C. has to D. does 6. A. discovering B. visitingC. travelingD. using 7. A. then B. now C. past D. previously 8. A. how B. where C. when D. that 9. A. conversation B. fight C. meal D. dance 10. A. however B. until C. after D. whenever 11. A. helpfullyB. usefullyC. likely D. readily 12. A. refuse B. return C. regain D. reply 13. A. collected B. washedC. stored D. buried 14. A. statementB. suggestion C. proposalD. guess15.

A. safe B. weak
C. sure D. lucky