问题 填空题

我们在初中对化学的学习还主要是启蒙阶段,其中学习用化学语言来表达生产生活中的问题,属于主干内容之一.请你按以下描述写出相关反应的化学方程式,并指出所属的基本反应类型.

(1)铁丝在纯氧气中燃烧 ______; ______.

(2)用三氧化钨(WO3)和氢气为原料,生产电灯泡中的钨丝 ______; ______.

(3)用纯碱溶液与石灰水为原料制取烧碱 ______; ______.

答案

(1)书写化学方程式3Fe+2O2

 点燃 
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Fe3O4,此反应符合“多变一”的特点,属于化合反应;

(2)由题意,可以书写三氧化钨(WO3)和氢气反应的化学方程式,故WO3+3H2═W+3H2O,反应符合“单质+化合物→单质+化合物”则可知此反应类型为置换反应;

(3)用纯碱溶液与石灰水为原料制取烧碱,反应符合“两种化合物相互交换成分生成另外的两种化合物”.

故答为:(1)3Fe+2O2

 点燃 
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Fe3O4;化合反应

(2)WO3+3H2═W+3H2O;置换反应

(3)Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH;复分解反应

阅读理解

A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what’s happening in their brains.

When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons(神经元) are responsible for this processing.

  The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging功能性磁共振造影) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.

  Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize which parts of the brain receive more oxygen- rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.

  An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.

  The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.

In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly, related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.

   51. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?

  A A small region of the brain.

  B The central part of the brain.

  C Neurons in the brain.

  D Oxygen-rich blood.

  52. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

  A Cells in your brain are called neurons.

  B The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.

  C fMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.

  D fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.

53. "Highlighting the areas of the brain at work" means

  A "marking the parts of the brain that are processing information"

  B "giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information"

  C "putting the parts of the brain to work"

  D "stopping the parts of the brain from working"

  54. What did the researchers experiment on?

  A Animals, objects, and fruits.

  B Two volunteers.

  C fMRI machines.

  D Thousands of pictures.

55.What is the best title for the passage?

A Mind-reading Machine

B A Technological Dream

C Device that can Help You Calculate

D The Recent Development in Science and Technology

判断题