搜题请搜索小程序“爱下问搜题”
问题 实验题

（15分）某研究性学习小组设计实验探究铝等金属的性质：将铝片(不除氧化膜)投入浓氯化铜溶液中，铝表面很快出现一层海绵状暗红色物质，接下来铝片上产生大量气泡。触摸容器知溶液温度迅速上升，收集气体，检验其具有可燃性。若用同样的铝片投入同浓度的硫酸铜溶液中，在短时间内铝片无明显变化。

⑴铝与氯化铜溶液能迅速反应，而与同浓度的硫酸铜溶液在短时间内不反应的原因可能是       。

A．氯化铜溶液酸性比同浓度的硫酸铜溶液酸性强

B．硫酸铜水解生成硫酸使铝钝化

C．氯离子能破坏氧化铝表面薄膜,而硫酸根离子不能

D．生成氯化铝溶于水,而生成硫酸铝不溶于水

请设计一个简单实验验证你的选择：                  。

⑵铝片表面出现的暗红色物质的过程中发生的离子反应方程式是     。用离子方程式解释产生气泡的原因：         。

⑶放出的气体是     ,请从有关物质的浓度、能量、是否有电化学作用等分析开始阶段产生气体的速率不断加快的原因是                                        。(写出一点即可)

⑷某同学通过一定的实验操作，也能使铝片与硫酸铜溶液反应加快，他采取的措施可能是          。

A．用砂纸擦去铝片表面的氧化膜后投入硫酸铜溶液中

B．把铝片投入热氢氧化钠溶液中一段时间后，取出洗涤，再投入硫酸铜溶液中

C．向硫酸铜溶液中滴加氢氧化钠溶液，再投入铝片

D．在铝片上捆上几枚铜钉后投入同浓度的硫酸铜溶液中

⑸除去氧化铝的铝片与铜片为电极，在X电解质溶液中构成原电池，列表如下：

选项铝电极电解质负极反应正极反应
A正极NaOHAl-3e-＝Al3+2H2O+2e-＝2OH-+H2↑
B负极稀盐酸2Al-6e-=2Al3+6H++6e-＝3H2↑
C正极浓硝酸Cu-2e--＝Cu2+2NO3-+4H+-4e-＝2NO2↑+2H2O
D负极稀硝酸Cu-2e-＝Cu2+2NO3-+8H+＝2NO↑+4H2O+6e-
其中正确的是    ，由此推知，金属作电极不仅与本身性质相关，而且与 ________ 有关。

答案

（15分）⑴C （1分）在硫酸铜溶液中加入铝片，无明显现象，再加入氯化钠（注意：不能加入盐酸），若反应明显加快了，说明上述推断正确。（2分）

⑵2Al+3Cu2+＝3Cu+2Al3+;（2分）Al3++3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+，Cu2++2H2OCu(OH)2+2H+，2Al+6H+＝2Al3++3H2↑ （2分）

(3)氢气（1分）  ①随着反应进行生成铝离子浓度增大，水解程度增大，产生大量H+  ②该反应放热，升高温度反应加快  ③铜与铝构成原电池，加快铝失电子 （3分）

⑷AB （2分）

⑸B（2分） 电解质的性质（1分）

填空题

解释下面句子中加粗的字。

①月色入户，欣然起行。____________

②虽乘奔御风，不以疾也。__________

③肉食者谋之，有何间焉？__________

④困于心，衡于虑，而后作。________
查看答案
阅读理解

If your life feels like it is lacking the power that you want and the motivation that you need, sometimes all you have to do is shift your point of view.

By training your thoughts to concentrate on the bright side of things, you are more likely to have the incentive（刺激，诱因） to follow through on your goals. You are less likely to be held back by negative ideas that might limit your performance.

Your life can be enhanced（增强的）, and your happiness enriched, when you choose to change your perspective（远景、希望）. Don't leave your future to chance, or wait for things to get better mysteriously on their own. You must go in the direction of your hopes and aspirations. Begin to build your confidence, and work through problems rather than avoid them. Remember that power is not necessarily control over situations, but the ability to deal with whatever comes your way.

Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. Take your fear and transform it into trust; learn to rise above anxiety and doubt. Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours". Take the energy that you have wasted and direct it toward every worthwhile effort that you can be involved in. You will see beautiful things happen when you allow yourself to experience the joys of life. You will find happiness when you adopt positive thinking into your daily routine and make it an important part of your world.

64. What is the best title for the passage？                                 

A. Live every day                                                           B.Treat every day actively                        

C. Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours"       D. How to live      

65. ______ is the most likely to prevent your being successful?

A. Positive thinking                               B. Negative ideas      

C. Worry hours                                  D. Productive hours

66. What does the word “aspirations” mean in the passage?                      

A. ambition        B. expectation        C.wish        D. desire

67. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?                  

A.Change your opinion, and change your dream.  

B. Negative ideas will limit your life.

C.Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours".

D. Positive thinking will make you successful. 
查看答案