问题 问答题

如图所示,倾角θ=37°的斜面足够长,质量m=1kg的滑块静置在斜面的底端A点,滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因素为μ=0.5.现给滑块一个沿斜面向上v°=10m/s的初速度,同时用水平恒力F向右推,使滑块做匀加速运动,在2s后撤去推力F,滑块再运动3s时经过B点,已知AB间距x0=49m,(已知sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8).求:

(1)刚撤去推力F时滑块的加速度大小;

(2)推力F的大小.

答案

(1)刚撤去F后,根据牛顿第二定律得,

mgsin37°+μmgcos37°=ma2

代入数据,解得a2=10m/s2

(2)在头2s内,滑块的位移x1>v0t1=10×2m=20m.

后3s内,若始终向上减速运动,则x2

1
2
a2t22=
1
2
×10×32m=45m.

则x1+x2=65m>49m,故后3s内滑块必定已经沿斜面向上运动到最高点后返回向下运动一段时间.

Fcos37°-mgsin37°-μ(mgcos37°+Fsin37°)=ma1

解得a1=0.5F-10.

x1=v0t1+

1
2
a1t12

得x1=20+2a1

v1=v0+a1t1

得,v1=10+2a1

x2=

v12
2a2
,将v1=10+2a1代入

解得x2=

(10+2a1)2
20

t2=

v1
a2
,将v1=10+2a1a2=10m/s2代入,

t2=

10+2a1
10

根据牛顿第二定律得,下滑时有:mgsin37°-μmgcos37°=ma3

代入数据解得a3=2m/s2

x3=

1
2
a3t32,将a3=2m/s2t3=3-t2=3-
10+2a1
10
代入,

x3=(3-

10+2a1
10
)2

由几何关系可知,x1+x2-x3=49m.

20+2a1+

(10+2a1)2
20
-(3-
10+2a1
10
)2=49m.

化简为:a12+30a1-175=0

解得a1=5m/s2

所以F=20+2a1=30N.

答:(1)刚撤去推力F时滑块的加速度大小为10m/s2

(2)推力F的大小为30N.

填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and choose the best word for each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
Do you want to send an e-mail message to the White House
Good luck.
In the past, (26) President Bush — or at least those assigned to read his mail — what was (27) your mind it was necessary only to sit down at a personal computer connected to the lnternet and (28) a note to president@ whitehouse.gov.
But this week, Tom Matzzie, an online organizer with the A.F.L.-C.I.O., discovered that (29) with the White House had become a bit more (30) . When Mr. Matzzie sent an e-mail protesting (31) a Bush administration policy, the message was bounced back With an automated reply, saying he had to send it again in a new way.
Under a system (32) on the White House Website (33) the first time last week, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now (34) as many as nine Web pages and (35) a detailed form that starts by asking whether the message sender supports White House policy (36) differs with it.
The white House says the new e-mail system is an effort to be more responsive (37) the public and offer the administration "real time" access (38) citizen comments.
Completing a message to the president also requires (39) a subject from the provided list, then entering a full name, organization, address and e-mail address. (40) the message is sent, the writer must wait for an automated response (41) his message, (42) whether the addressee intended to send the message. The message is delivered to the White House only after the person using that e-mail address (43) it.
"Over (44) , it’s a very cumbersome process," said Jakob Nielsen, an authority on Web design. "It’s probably designed deliberately to (45) on their e-mail.\

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.over

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