问题 填空题

下图是人体内消化、呼吸、循环、泌尿四大系统之间关系的示意图,请据图回答:

(1)构成a、b、c的基本单位是______.

(2)循环系统与a、b、c进行物质交换都是在______血管处完成的.

(3)进入b、c的血液中所含气体有何不同?______.

(4)a中具有与吸收食物营养成分相适应的结构,b中具有与气体交换相适应的结构,与其功能相适应,这两种结构都只由______构成.

答案

答:(1)a、b、c分别代表的小肠、肺、肾脏等器官,构成这些器官的基本单位都是细胞,构成人体的各结构的基本单位都是细胞.

(2)小肠内的营养物质被消化后,进入小肠绒毛内的毛细血管中被吸收的;肺部的气体交换是在肺泡与毛细血管的血液之间进行的;肾脏内在肾小球的毛细血管球进行的过滤作用,然后在肾小管周围形成毛细血管,把肾小管重吸收的营养成分重新吸收回血液.故在三处器官发生的物质交换都是在毛细血管处完成的.

(3)进入b、c的血液的成分不同,进入b肺的血液属于肺循环,肺动脉内流的是含氧少含二氧化碳多的静脉血,而进入c肾脏的血液属于体循环,肾动脉内流的是含氧多,二氧化碳少的动脉血.

(4)小肠适于吸收的结构特点是小肠长;小肠内表面有许多环形皱襞和小肠绒毛增大了吸收的总面积;小肠绒毛壁、毛细血管壁只有一层上皮细胞构成,有利于营养物质的吸收.肺适于气体交换的结构特点是肺泡壁与毛细血管壁都是由一层上皮细胞组成,有利于气体的扩散作用.

故答案为:

(1)细胞

(2)毛细

(3)进入c的血液比进入b的血液氧气含量多,二氧化碳含量少

(4)一层上皮细胞组成

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     An "apple polisher" is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a

bribe(贿赂),but is close to it.

     All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices ? just about

everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George

Fox and his party, but failed.

     There are other phrases meaning the same thing as "apple-polishing" ?? "soft-soaping" or "butter-up".

A gift is just one way to "soft-soap" somebody, or to "butter him up". Another that is just as effective is

flattery, giving someone high praise ?? telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how

talented and wise he is.

     Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love or hear it ? Only an unusual man can resist the

thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who gets so

little of it.

We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But we just

lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to

ourselves.

     Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good

example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got

tired of listening to the endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣).They overpraised him to the

skies, as a man of limitless power.

     He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered

the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might

show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery.

1.Which of the following activities has nothing to do with "apple-polishing" ?

A. A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks

B. An employee tells his boss how good he is at management

C. A knight(骑士)is said to be of limitless power by his followers

D. A teacher praised his students for their talent and wisdom.

2.Which of the following statement about flattery is TRUE according to the author ?

A. Too much flattery can carry us away

B. Flattery is too empty to do people any good

C. Flattery can get nothing but excessive(过度的)pride

D. Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people.

3. King Canute of Denmark and England took his followers to the seashore because __________.

A. he was sick of his normal

B. he disliked being overpraised any more

C. he wanted them to realize how wise he was

D. he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king

4. The author thinks that flattery can do good to those who _________.

A. are really excellent

B. lack confidence

C. are politicians or in high offices

D. think highly of themselves