问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一段文言文,完成后面小题。

蒋济字子通,楚国平阿人也。建安十三年,孙权率众围合肥。时大军征荆州,遇疾疫,唯遣 * * 张喜单将千骑,过领汝南兵以解围。济乃密白刺史,伪得喜书,云步骑四万已到雩娄。权信之,遽烧围走,城用得全。拜济丹阳太守。民有诬告济为谋叛主率者,太祖闻之,曰:“蒋济宁有此事!有此事,吾为不知人也。此必愚民乐乱,妄引之耳。”辟为丞相主簿西曹属。关羽围樊、襄阳。太祖以汉帝在许,近贼,欲徙都。济说太祖曰:“刘备、孙权,外亲内疏,关羽得志,权必不愿也。可遣人劝权蹑其后,许割江南以封权,则樊围自解。”太祖如其言。权闻之,即引兵西袭公安、江陵。羽遂见禽。

文帝践阼,出为东中郎将。帝问曰:“卿所闻见天下风教何如?”济对曰:“未有他善,但见亡国之语耳。”帝忿然作色而问其故,济具以答,于是帝意解。明帝即位,迁为中护军。时中书监、令号为专任,济上疏曰:“大臣太重者,国危;左右太亲者,身蔽;古之至戒也。”诏曰:“夫骨鲠之臣,人主之所仗也。济才兼文武,服勤尽节,每军国大事,现有奏议,忠诚奋发,吾甚壮之。”景初中,外勤征役,内务宫室,怨旷者多,而年谷饥俭。济上疏曰:“陛下方当恢弘前绪,光大遗业,诚未得高枕而治也。凡使民必须农隙,不夺其时。夫欲大兴功之君,先料其民力而燠休之。”诏曰:“微护军,吾弗闻斯言也。”

齐王即位,迁太尉。是时,曹爽专政,丁谧、邓颺等轻改法度。以随太傅司马宣王屯洛水浮桥,诛曹爽等,进封都乡侯,邑七百户。济上疏曰:“太傅奋独断之策,陛下明其忠节,罪人伏诛,社稷之福也。夫封宠庆赏,必加有功。今论谋则臣不先知,语战则非臣所率。”固辞,不许。是岁薨,谥曰景侯。

(选自《三国志》)

小题1:对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(    )

A.权闻之,即兵西袭公安、江陵引:率领

B.陛下方当恢弘前绪,光大业遗:遗留

C.凡使民必须农隙,不其时夺:耽误

D.护军,吾弗闻斯言也。微:卑微小题2:以下六个句子,分别编为四组,全都表现蒋济“骨鲠之臣”的一组是(  )

①即引兵西袭公安、江陵。       ②未有他善,但见亡国之语耳

③凡使民必须农隙,不夺其时     ④大臣太重者国危,左右太亲者身蔽,古之至戒也

⑤诚未得高枕而治也             ⑥诛曹爽等,进封都乡侯,邑七百户。

A.①③⑤

B.③④⑤

C.①②⑥

D.②④⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是 (    )

A.孙权带兵围攻合肥,而此时曹操正带兵攻打荆州,加之军中发生瘟疫,能派的救兵很少;蒋济用计让孙权主动撤兵,合肥得以保全。

B.蒋济为人刚直,敢于直言。文帝问天下“风教”,他大胆进言,以“但见亡国之语耳”回答;明帝时,他以“诚未得高枕而治也”告诫皇上要爱惜百姓。

C.凭着跟随太傅司马宣王诛杀曹爽等人的功劳,皇帝加封蒋济为都乡侯,邑七百户,他坚决推辞,皇帝没有答应。

D.蒋济文武兼备,忠诚奋发,在数位人主手下任职,都能直言进谏,触怒过所有侍奉的人主,但始终都为人主所器重。小题4:翻译。(9分)

①济乃密白刺史,伪得喜书,云步骑四万已到雩娄。(3分)

②未有他善,但见亡国之语耳。(2分)

③大臣太重者,国危;左右太亲者,身蔽;古之至戒也。(4分)

答案

小题1:D

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题4:①蒋济于是秘密禀报刺史,假称得到了张喜的书信,说步兵骑兵四万人已到雩娄。(“白”1分,“伪”1分,句意1分)

②没有听到其他的好话,只听到要亡国的话罢了。(“善”1分,“但”1分,句意1分)

③大臣权力太大,国家就有危险,左右的人太受宠幸,皇上就会受蒙蔽,这是自古以来最大的警诫啊。(“重”1分,“蔽”1分“至戒”1分,句意1分)

小题1:

题目分析:解答此类题可用“代入法”,即将各选项意义代入原文,考察其与上下文语境是否相符。微:如果没有。学过的“微夫人之力不及此”中的“微”同义。

小题2:

题目分析:解答此题,首先要看清题干的要求,然后从文中找出筛选信息的区间,本题要求的是选出全都表现蒋济“骨鲠之臣”的一组,“骨鲠”是刚直的意思。①说孙权;⑥说明他的功劳和封赏。运用排除法找出答案。

小题3:

题目分析:解答此类题目,首先要审清题意,把每一选项和文中相应的事件对应,针对选项划定区域,小心比对,看是否搞混做事情况。本题中“触怒过所有侍奉的人主”错。

小题4:

题目分析:翻译句子要以直译为主,意译为辅,字字落实,达到“信、达、雅”的标准。同时要注意实词:一词多义、词类活用、古今异义、通假字的翻译;还要注意一些虚词,一些虚词,也有意义;再就是注意一些特殊句式的翻译也要到位。翻译时候结合所学内容如(2)可联系《鸿门宴》“不如因善遇之” ;《蜀道难》“但见悲鸟号古墓”。

参考译文:

蒋济,字子通,楚国平阿人。建安十三年,孙权率兵围攻合肥。这时,太祖的大军正在攻打荆州,军中发生了瘟疫,只有派遣 * * 张喜一个人带领一千骑兵,加领汝南的士兵来解合肥之围。蒋济于是秘密禀报刺史,假称得到了张喜的书信,说前来救援的步兵骑兵共有四万人,现在已到雩娄。孙权相信了,立即烧毁围城的营阵就撤离了,合肥城因此得以保全。后来任命蒋济为丹阳太守。有一个人诬告蒋济是谋叛主要策划人,太祖听说后,说:“蒋济难道会做这种事!如果做了这种事,那我是不了解人了。这一定是愚蠢的老百姓故意扰乱,道听途说罢了。”征召蒋济担任丞相主簿西曹属。关羽带兵围攻樊城和襄阳。太祖认为汉献帝在许都,离关羽的军队比较近,想要迁都。蒋济劝阻太祖说:“刘备、孙权,表面关系亲近,实际上却各有打算,关羽军事上得势,这是孙权一定不希望看到的。可派遣人去游说孙权,劝他在后面偷袭关羽,许诺割让江南来赐封孙权,这样樊城的围困就自动解除了。”太祖按照他的话去做。孙权听了后,立即带兵向西偷袭公安、江陵。关羽于是被孙权擒获。

文帝即位,蒋济从京城出来,担任东中郎将。文帝问他说:“你所看到的天下风俗教化好不好?”蒋济回答说:“没有听到其他的好话,只听到要亡国的话罢了。”文帝显出愤怒的神情,并问他其中的原因,蒋济都一一地回答,于是文帝的怒气消解了。明帝即位,蒋济升为中护军。当时中书监、令专有大权,蒋济上疏说:“大臣权力太大,国家就有危险,左右的人太受宠幸,皇上就会受蒙蔽,这是自古以来最大的警诫啊。”明帝下召表扬说:“刚直的大臣,是国君所仰仗的。蒋济文武兼备,任职勤劳,极尽节操,每有军国大事,当场有提出建议的奏议,对朝廷忠诚,做事奋发努力,我非常欣赏他的勇敢。”景初年间,对外征战频繁,国内大建宫室,长期分离的人很多,并且连年饥荒,谷物匮乏。蒋济上疏说:“陛下正当发扬前人的事业,光大先帝遗留下来的功业,实在还未到高枕无忧地治理的时候。”凡是要役使老百姓时,一定要在农闲时候,不能耽搁他们耕作的时间。那些想建立伟大功业的国君,先要估计老百姓的能力并安抚他们的疾苦。”明帝下诏表扬说:“如果没有护军,我听不到这样的话。”

齐王即位,蒋济升迁为太尉。这时,曹爽专政,丁谧、邓颺、等随意改变法律法规。凭着跟随太傅司马宣王屯兵洛水浮桥,诛杀曹爽等人的功劳,加封为都乡侯,邑七百户。蒋济上疏说:“太傅独自决断,想出高明的计谋,陛下彰显他忠心和节操,罪人伏法,这是国家的福气。分封、宠爱、庆贺、赏赐,一定要给予有功之人。现在,说到谋划我事先并不知道,说到打仗并不是我亲自统率的。”坚决地推辞,齐王不答应。这一年蒋济死了,皇上给他的谥号是“景侯”。

选择题
单项选择题

Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.
The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.
The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.
The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.
Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or "opt-out" of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such "opt-out" mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.
Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.
The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.

"Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______.

A. a machine that can be attached to your computer
B. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read
C. a software that you can play a computer game
D. an e-mail that says some good words to you