问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一篇文言文,完成文后题目。(18分)

戆 子 记   

【清】谢济世

梅庄主人在翰林。佣仆三,一黠,一朴,一戆

一日,同馆诸官小集,酒酣,主人曰:“吾辈兴矣,安得歌者侑一觞乎?”黠者应声曰有。既又虑戆者有言,乃白主人,他故遣之出,令朴者司阍,而自往召之。召未至,戆者已归,见二人抱琵琶到门,诧曰:“胡为来哉?”黠者曰:“奉主命。”戆者厉声曰:“吾自在门下十余年,未尝见此辈出入,必醉命也!”挥拳逐去。客哄而散,主人愧之。

一夕,烛酌酒校书。天寒,瓶已,颜未酡,黠者眴朴者再沽。遭戆者道,夺瓶还,谏曰:“今日二瓶,明日三瓶,有益无损也。多酤伤费,多饮伤生,有损无益也。”主人强颔之。

既而改御史。早朝,书童掌灯,倾油污朝衣,黠者顿足曰:“不吉!”主人怒,命仆者行杖。戆者止之,谏曰:“仆尝闻主言,古人有羹污衣、烛然须不动声色者,主能言不能行?”主人迁怒曰:“尔欲沽直邪?市恩邪?”应曰:“恩自主出,仆何有焉?仆效愚忠,而主曰沽直。主今居言路,异日跪御榻,与天子争是非;坐朝班,与大臣争献替,弃印绶其若屣,迁谪以如归。主亦沽直而为之乎?人亦谓主沽直而为之乎?”主人语塞,谢之,而心颇衔之。 由是黠者日夜伺其短,诱朴者共媒蘖,劝主人逐之。会主人有罪下狱,不

未几,奉命戍边,出狱装。黠者逃矣,朴者亦力求他去,戆者攘臂前曰,此吾主报国之时,即吾侪报主之时也。仆愿往。市马,造车,制穹庐,备粱糗以从。于是主人喟然叹曰,吾向以为黠者有用,朴者可用也。乃今而知黠者有用而不可用,而戆者可用也。朴者可用而实无用,而戆者有用也。

养以为子,名曰戆子云。

【注】 ①戆:迂愚而刚直,憨直。 ②侑:劝人饮酒进食。 ③酡:饮酒脸红。④媒蘖:酝酿,此处比喻定计陷害。

小题1:对文中加点词语解释有误的一项是(     )(3分)

A.瓶已罄:尽

B.烛酌酒校书然:通“燃”

C.会主人有罪下狱,不果:实现

D.出狱装治:管理小题2:下列句子中加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是(     )(3分)

A.他故遣之出/景翳翳将入

B.遭戆者道/俨骖騑上路

C.主能言不能行/定内外之分

D.戆者攘臂前曰/刘夙婴疾病小题3:加点词的用法与例句相同的一项是(     )(3分)

例句:迁谪以如归

A.宁许以秦曲

B.赢粮而

C.三江而带五湖

D.园涉以成趣小题4:以下各组能直接表现戆者“忠直”的一组是(     ) (3分)

①召未至,戆者已归                    ②挥拳逐去,客哄而散

③夺瓶还,谏曰                        ④多酤伤费,多饮伤生

⑤谢之,而心颇衔之                    ⑥即吾侪报主之时也

A.②④⑥

B.②③⑤

C.①③⑤

D.①④⑥小题5:翻译文中划线句子。(6分)

(1) 多酤伤费,多饮伤生,有损无益也。

                                                                                            

(2) 主人语塞,谢之,而心颇衔之。

                                                                                            

答案

小题1:D

小题2:B

小题3:C

小题4:A

小题5:(1)买酒太多会损失钱财,喝酒太多会伤害身体,只有坏处没有好处呀。(关键词:酤、损、益)(2)主人说不出话来,向他道歉,但心里却很记恨他。(关键词:谢、衔、之)

小题1:

题目分析:治:整治。把“管理”代到句子中,明显不通。代入验证是检验实词意义解释是否正确常用的一种方法。

小题2:

题目分析:B项都是介词,在。A前句为介词,用;后句为连词,表承接关系。C前句为语气助词,后句为介词,本当于“于”。D前句为连词,表修饰关系,后句为连词,表转折关系。对于材料中的虚词,要结合上下文语境去推敲;对于高考重点考的18个虚词,特别是教材中的典型句子要重视积累。

小题3:

题目分析:例句是意动用法。A是使动用法,BD是名词作状语,C与例句相同,意动用法。对于词类活用,平时复习要学分归类。

小题4:

题目分析:①、⑤不属于这方面的内容。解答此类题首先要审清题干要求,本题要求中“直接”很重要,另外要善于运用排除法,根据①可排除CD,再根据⑤就可选出A。

小题5:

题目分析:翻译第一句时要注意“酤”解释为买酒,“损”解释为坏处,“益”解释为好处;第二句时注意“谢”解释为道歉,“衔”解释为记恨,“之”为代词,他。做翻译题时,一定要先回到语境中,根据语境读懂句子的整体意思,然后思考命题者可能确定的赋分点,遵循“信、达、雅”的三字原则,运用“留、删、替、补、调”的五字方法进行翻译。

参考译文:

梅庄主人在翰林院供职。他有三个奴仆:一个聪明,一个老实,一个憨直。

一天,同在翰林院的官员们到梅庄主人家小聚,酒喝得正畅快时,主人说:“我们兴致也差不多了,哪儿有歌伎来给我们助酒呢?”聪明的仆人马上回答说:“有。”接着他又担心憨直的仆人会有话说,就告诉主人,用别的理由把他支使出去,叫老实的仆人看门,而他亲自去请歌伎。歌伎还没有来,憨直的仆人已经办完事回来了,看见两个人怀抱琵琶来到门口,就惊讶地问:“为什么到这里来?”聪明人说:“这是奉主人的命令。”憨直的人厉声说道:“我在这里当仆人十多年,从没见过这样的人进出,一定是主人喝醉了酒吩咐的!”他挥动拳头把歌伎赶了出去。客人们闹哄哄地散了席,主人感到对不起他们。

一天夜里,主人燃烛饮酒,校勘书籍。天气寒冷,酒瓶已经喝空了,脸上还没发红,聪明人用目光示意老实人再去买酒。老实人在路上碰见了憨直的人,憨直的人夺下酒瓶,回来规劝主人说:“今天喝二瓶,明天喝三瓶,只会增加不会减少。买酒太多会损失钱财,喝酒太多会伤害身体,只有坏处没有好处呀!”主人勉强点头同意他的话。

不久,主人改任御史。早晨上朝前,书童为主人举着灯,灯油倒出来弄脏了主人的朝服,聪明的人跺着脚说:“不吉利!”主人很生气,叫老实人用棍子打书童,憨直的人上来阻止老实人,并说:“我曾听您说:古时有羹汤弄脏了朝衣、蜡烛烧着了胡须都不动声色的人,您能说却不能做吗?”主人把怒气转到憨直的人身上,说:“你是想赚得直言敢谏的名声呢?还是想用私惠来讨好呢?”憨直的人回答道:“恩惠是您施予的,我哪里有呢!我奉献愚忠,您却说我赚取直言的名声!您现在身居掌管纠察的官职,将来跪在天子脚下,和天子争论是非,在朝廷上和大臣们争议兴革利弊,把失去官位看作是弃破草鞋一般,甘心降职流放就像是乐于归乡一样,您也是为了赚取直言的名声才这样做吗?别人也会认为,您是为了赚取直言的名声才这样做吗?”主人说不出话来,向他道歉,但心里却很记恨这人。从此聪明人整天窥察憨直的人的过错,引诱老实人一同挑拨离间,劝主人赶走憨直的人。正逢主人获罪坐牢,谄害没有成功。

没多久,主人奉命戍守边疆,出牢来整理行装。这时聪明人已经逃走了,老实人也竭力请求到别家去做仆人,憨直的人却捋起袖子上前说:“这是我们主人报效祖国的时候,也正是我们报答主人的时候啊!我愿意去!”他忙着买马、造车、制作帐篷、准备干粮,跟着主人去边疆。于是主人叹息着说:“我以前认为聪明的人有作用,老实的人可任用。现在才知道聪明的人有作用却不能任用,憨直的人倒是可以任用的;老实人可以任用却实在没有作用,倒是憨直的人有作用啊。”

主人把憨直的人收养为儿子,取名“戆子”。

完形填空
How can you get along with classmates, especially the ones that are really difficult to deal with? Firstly, if someone does something that offends you, take a moment to relax and just breathe (呼吸) before you relax. You can take 3 deep breaths and count to ten while you breathe in and out, and this will help to calm the nervous system. Giving yourself time to think will also help you make a good decision and avoid making the situation worse.
Secondly, you can get along with others by exercising. Exercise can develop your muscle and self-confidence. Take an exercise class at school and communicate with your classmates during the class. This is a great way to get to know them better.
Thirdly, if you have a problem with some of your classmates, talk to them about it. Discuss some ways you can make your relationship better. For example, if you have a neighbor that likes to copy homework off you, talk to this person about doing their own work.
Fourthly, to avoid disagreement in the relationship, you need to communicate with your classmates effectively. When your classmates are talking to you, take the time to actually listen to what they’re saying. Give them your full attention by looking into their eyes and repeating some of the things they’re saying. This way, you’ll be closer to them and this could develop into a great friendship.
Last but not least, to get along with your classmates, you may, need to make a few changes to your personality (性格). If you’re having trouble getting along with others, you must get at the root of the problem. You don’t have to completely change who you are, but you need to be willing to change.
In a word, be true to who you are, give your classmates respect and make friends with them, and you’ll get along well with them.
小题1:      on getting along with classmates
Relax when you are 小题2:     by someone
Keep calm by breathing 小题3:     and counting to ten while breathing.
Think about the 小题4:     of your actions in order to behave correctly.
Exercise
 Develop your muscle and make you become more 小题5:     by exercising.
 Communicate with your classmates during exercise 小题6:     
Talk with your classmates about the problems
Discuss how you can 小题7:     your relationship.
 Encourage him to do his own work if one classmate likes to copy your homework.
Communicate effectively
 Listen carefully to what your classmate is saying.
 Make eye 小题8:     with your classmate and repeat some of his of her words when he or she is talking.
Make小题9:     to your personality
Find out what the小题10:     really is and then be willing to change.
单项选择题