问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的经典选段,完成题目。(12分)

子曰:“奢则不孙,俭则固。与其不孙也,宁固。”(《论语·述而》)

御孙谏曰:“俭,德之共也;侈,恶之大也。”(《左传·庄公二十四年》)

故适身行义,俭约恭敬,其唯无福,祸亦不来矣。骄傲侈泰,离度绝理,其唯无祸,福亦不至矣。(《管子·禁藏》)

节俭则昌,淫佚则亡。(《墨子·辞过》)

顾人之常情,由俭入奢易,由奢入俭难。(司马光《训俭示康》)

圣人去甚,去奢,去泰。(《老子·二十九章》)

【注】①孙:同逊,恭顺。不孙,即为不顺,这里的意思是“越礼”。固:简陋、鄙陋。这里是寒酸的意思。 ②甚:极端。奢:奢侈。泰:通“太”,过分。

小题1:由前四则可以看出,古代圣贤是如何看待“俭”的?(6分)

小题2:结合后两则,联系现实生活,谈谈当今我们应该如何做到节俭?(6分)

答案

小题1:孔子认为,为了遵礼,即使寒酸,也要坚持节俭;御孙认为,俭是美德之人的共有特点;管子认为,奢与俭关系到个人的祸福;墨子认为,俭与淫关系到家国兴亡。

小题2:①要结合俭与奢的关系,讲到理性克制,防微杜渐,身体力行,力除奢华;②要联系当前物质生活日益丰富,奢糜浪费成风,节俭成为当下的热门话题等现实生活;③提出自己建设性的意见和建议。

小题2:

题目分析:克制自己,不追求奢华;当前社会奢糜浪费成风,节俭成为迫切的事;节约自然资源和生活资源,不乱花钱,不攀比,勤俭节约。6分,每个方面2分。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Snow-melting Agent

A heavy snow can kill pests and this means a good harvest next year.This will bring as well as trouble to urbanites.

On Nov.16,2003,a cold air current brought a heavy snow to Beijing.To prevent traffic jams,related government departments mobilized people to clear off snow on streets.

One of the most effective ways to clear off snow on roads is to scatter snow-melting agent on the roads.The major component of the snow-melting agent is salt.The snow-melting agent can make snow stop from freezing,make it easier to clear off the road,and allow traffic to flow smoothly.But it also brings about some hidden dangers.In the spring of 2003,over 300 000 trees in Beijing urban districts died.After analyzing soil around these trees,experts discovered that the salt content of these soils was 392 times higher than normal.Where did the excessive salt come from?After investigating,forestry experts found that when clearing snow in the winter,people usually heap snow containing snow-melting agent at trees’ roots,and that when the snow melts,this agent penetrates the soil and increases its salt content.The snow-melting agent indirectly killed the trees.

Statistics show that during a heavy snow in 2002,over 1000 tons of snow-melting agent was scatterred on streets in Beijing.Snow water containing a large amount of snow-melting agent got into the soil through sewers.

In addition,salt in the snow-melting agent can expedite the corrosion of steel bars in concrete buildings and cause the concrete to crack and peel,shortening the life of roads.

Scientists and government officials are required to solve traffic problems caused by heavy snows as soon as possible and at the same time try to reduce the negative effects of the snow-melting agent.This is a difficult problem placed before them.Related authorities have framed some local criteria to regulate the production and use of snow-melting agents.

Now,more harmless snow-melting agents are being developed.Now that even snow-melting agents that meet today’s criteria must still be used carefully,we have to rely more on our manpower and machines to clear off snow.

This year,in addition to using snow-melting agents,Beijing will use a large number of snow vehicles to clear snow on roads.In more places,citizens are mobilized to clear snow with their hands.This may be a test of a city’s civilization level.

小题1:Salt is a snow-melting agent while _________ is a cleaning agent.

A.water

B.soap

C.a washing-machine

D.a housewife小题2:The third paragraph of the text is mainly about _______.

A.the side effect of snow-melting agent

B.a case of damage to trees caused by snow-melting agent

C.the results of using snow-melting agent

D.the uses of snow-melting agent小题3:According to the text,the most practical way to clear off snow is to _________.

A.use snow-melting agent as much as possible

B.only use more harmless snow-melting agent

C.encourage people to clear snow with their hands

D.use more snow vehicles小题4:This text most probably appears in_________.

A.a newspaper

B.a magazine on latest findings

C.a book on salt

D.a magazine on environmental protection