问题 问答题

试述如何改进教学方法促进迁移。

答案

参考答案:[答案要点] (1)改革教材内容,促进学习迁移。
各科教材都有基本概念、原理和逻辑结构,这些内容的组织形成教材体系。教材内容体系的确定,直接关系到学生学习的效率、知识的质量和认知能力的发展,因此必须兼顾科学知识本身的性质、特点、逻辑系统和学生的知识水平、智力状况及年龄特征,还要考虑教学时数以及教法上的要求,以保证教材的系统性和教学的循序渐进性。
根据同化理论,认知结构中是否有适当的起固定作用的观念可以利用,是决定新的学习与保持的最重要因素。为了促进迁移,教材中必须有那种具有较高概括性、包容性和强有力的解释效应的基本概念和原理。布鲁纳认为这样的概念和原理应放在教材的中心。奥苏伯尔指出,学生的认知结构是从教材的知识结构转化而来的。好的教材结构可以简化知识,可以产生新知识,有利于知识的运用。这种结构必须适合学习者的能力。这需要每一个知识领域内有造诣的教材教法专家和心理学家以及教师们的通力合作,尽可能编写出适合学生能力的最佳结构的教材。
(2)从教材的呈现程序方面促进迁移。
有利于学习迁移的教材在体系组织上应体现以下要求:①从一般到个别,不断分化。②融会贯通,促进知识的横向联系。③教材组织系列化,确保从已知到未知
(3)改进教学方法促进迁移。
①加强基础知识和基本技能的教学。②加强基础知识、基本技能的实际运用。③重视培养良好的学习方法

完形填空
I’ll never forget my first daughter, who died too early from a bad accident. During those years, life was   36  . One Christmas I found my 3-year-old daughter   37  with a roll of golden wrapping paper. I had bought the paper to finish a rather important project. So I became   38  and scolded her loudly, “You are not good. And you are   39  your father’s money. You don’t know how hard your parents are working.” She was   40  and cried bitterly, running away.
    41 , she brought a gift, a golden   42  made of golden wrapping paper to me the next morning and said, “This is for you, Daddy.” I was   43  of my earlier hurting words, but my anger rose again when I found out the box was   44 . I shouted at her, “Don’t you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside?” She   45  at me with tears in her eyes and cried, “Oh, Daddy, it’s not empty at all. I blew   46  into the box. They’re all for you, Daddy.”
I was completely   47 . I put my arms around her and begged for her   48 . A year later, a serious   49  took the life of my daughter. I was so sad that I   50  in bed for three days and three nights, saying nothing with tears rolling down my cheek. From then on, I hated cars and kept the golden box by my bed for many years. Whenever I was   51  , I would take out an imaginary kiss and   52  the love of my daughter who had put it there.
In a very real   53  , each one of us, as humans beings, has been given a golden container   54  with unconditional love and kisses ... from our children, family members, friends, and God. There are   55  no other possessions that anyone could hold more precious than this.
小题1:
A.nice B.hardC.instructiveD.dull
小题2:
A.tearingB.litteringC.cuttingD.busy
小题3:
A.disappointedB.curiousC.angryD.anxious
小题4:
A.usingB.spendingC.sparingD.wasting
小题5:
A.confusedB.frightenedC.amazedD.calm
小题6:
A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.ThusD.Though
小题7:
A.boxB.tieC.carD.pen
小题8:
A.scaredB.happyC.ashamedD.satisfied
小题9:
A.fullB.brokenC.cheapD.empty
小题10:
A.looked aroundB.looked awayC.looked upD.looked down
小题11:
A.kissesB.loveC.heartsD.prays
小题12:
A.gladB.touchedC.upsetD.confident
小题13:
A.thanksB.giftsC.forgivenessD.explanation
小题14:
A.eventB.illness C.operationD.accident
小题15:
A.layB.stoodC.kneltD.sat
小题16:
A.lostB.hungryC.discouragedD.sick
小题17:
A.realizeB.rememberC.recognizeD.respond
小题18:
A.way B.stateC.directionD.sense
小题19:
A.decorated B.filledC.coveredD.linked
小题20:
A.onlyB.naturallyC.simply D.actually
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