问题 实验题

某化学兴趣小组欲研究一种镁铝合金,以下是部分实验。请完成填空。

1、[实验一]从镁铝合金片上剪下一小块,先称重,然后投到盛有10mL 10mol·L-1NaOH溶液(足量)的锥形瓶里。

(1)从反应开始至反应结束,依次可观察到的现象有:

①切口断面处先产生气泡,反应由慢到快;

②小块合金在溶液中上下翻腾;

③溶液升温;

④反应后,溶液中残留黑色黑体。

(2)开始时产生气泡速率慢,其主要原因(除温度、电化学因素外)是__________________。

(3)欲利用此反应测定合金中铝的含量,请仿照方法①写出另一种不同方法所需数据。

2、[实验二]向实验一的锥形瓶里滴加1mol·L-1HCl,使镁、铝两种元素恰好只以氯化物的形式存在。写出此过程中含铝元素的化合物所发生的离子反应方程式:______________________。

3、[实验三]取实验二的锥形瓶里的溶液10mL,向其中滴加amLC1mol·L-1NaOH之后,改成滴加C2mol·L-1

HCl,所得沉淀Y(mol)与试剂总体积 V(mL)间的关系如图所示。据此,回答下列问题:

(1)图中CD段消耗盐酸的体积是AB段消耗的NaOH溶液体积的两倍,则C1/C2=___________;

(2)所加入NaOH溶液的体积a=______________mL。

答案

1、(2)合金表面有氧化膜;

(3)②测定残留固体镁的质量(或“测定反应消耗或剩余的NaOH的量”或“测定生成的NaAlO2的量”)

2、AlO2-+4H+=Al3++2H2O

3、(1)C1/C2=2或2:1;(2)7

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