问题 填空题

如图为人体血液循环简图,图中①②③④表示心脏各腔.请据图回答:

(1)肺泡与外界环境进行气体交换是通过______实现的,肺泡中的氧气是通过______作用进入血液的.

(2)血液由[②]射出,流经[C][E][D]到[③]的循环途径叫______,期间血液类型发生的变化是______.

(3)在[②]和[C]、[④]和[A]之间,存在着瓣膜,它们的作用是______.

答案

(1)肺泡与外界环境之间进行气体交换的过程叫做肺的通气,肺的通气是通过呼吸运动实现的,呼吸运动是由呼吸肌的收缩和舒张而引起的:膈肌与肋间肌收缩,引起胸腔前后、左右及上下径均增大,肺随之扩大,造成肺内气压小于外界大气压,外界气体进入肺内,形成主动的吸气运动;当膈肌和肋间外肌舒张时,肋骨与胸骨因本身重力及弹性而回位,结果胸廓缩小,肺也随之回缩,造成肺内气压大于外界气压,肺内气体排出肺,形成被动的呼气运动,因此呼吸运动的结果是实现了肺的通气.气体扩散是指某种气体分子通过扩散运动而进入到其它气体里;因为气体分子的不规则运动比较激烈,所以扩散比较明显.气体交换是通过气体的扩散作用来完成的,一种气体总是由浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方扩散,直到平衡为止.如肺泡内刚吸入的气体中氧气含量高于血液中氧气含量,二氧化碳低于血液中二氧化碳的含量,故肺泡内的氧气扩散进入血液,血液中的二氧化碳扩散进入肺泡,从而实现了肺泡与血液之间的气体交换.故肺泡与外界环境进行气体交换是通过 呼吸运动实现的,肺泡中的氧气是通过气体扩散作用进入血液的.

(2)体循环的路线是:左心室→主动脉→各级动脉→身体各部分的毛细血管网→各级静脉→上下腔静脉→右心房,动脉将富含养料和氧气的血液送到身体各器官的毛细血管网,与组织细胞进行物质交换,将运来的养料和氧气供细胞利用,同时把细胞产生的二氧化碳等废物运走.这样血液由含氧丰富的动脉血变成含氧少的静脉血.故血液由[②]射出,流经[C][E][D]到[③]的循环途径叫 体循环,期间血液类型发生的变化是由动脉血变成了静脉血.

(3)心脏内的瓣膜有:心房和心室之间的房室瓣,心室和动脉之间的动脉瓣,它们的存在保证了血液只能从心房流向心室,从心室动脉,而不能倒流.故瓣膜的作用是防止血液倒流.

故答案为:

(1)呼吸运动;气体扩散  

(2)体循环;动脉血变静脉血  

(3)防止血液倒流

阅读理解

Marilyn Monroe was certainly one of the most famous actresses of the twentieth century.She was known as the “Blonde Bombshell” and the “Sex Goddess of the Silver Screen”.However,surprisingly,this famous actress never won any major acting awards throughout her 15year career in the movies.Critics(评论家) may not have thought highly of her acting ability,but the huge number of her fans flocking to see her movies propelled(推进) her to fame and fortune.

Being a teenager,she found a job in a parachute packing factory during World War Ⅱ.A picture of young Ms Mortenson in a magazine led her into modelling.Hoping to move from modelling into acting,the young woman began trying out for acting jobs with several movie studios in Hollywood.She finally got a oneyear contract(合同)with Twentieth Century-Fox.However,Ms Monroe’s career as an actress did not start well.She was given small parts in several films which did not do very well at the box office,and the studio decided to drop her contract.With no money and no work,the actress agreed to let a photographer take pictures without any clothes on for a calendar,for which she was paid $50.

In 1951,with the help of a friend,Ms Monroe got a sevenyear contract with the same studio again.The studio began putting the actress in movies playing a “dumb blonde”and Ms Monroe became a hit.After playing “dumb blonde” in six more movies,she got her first lead role in the movie Niagara in 1953,which did well in box office.She proved that she could sing and dance in her own sexy way in movies like Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire.She also showed that she could perform as a comic actress.

While her movie career went on well,her private life was not quite a successful.She had got married for three times,but all her marriage didn’t last long.Probably due to her addiction to alcohol and sleeping pills,she was difficult to work with and was fired.Two months later,she was found dead from an overdose.

63.How long did she stay in the field of the movie?

A.5 years.       B.15 years.  C.10 years      D.20 years.

64.What did Ms Monroe do before she became an actress?

A.She made a calendar.     B.She worked in a factory.

C.She designed clothes.     D.All of the above.

65..In which movie did Ms Monroe have her first staring role?

A.Niagara.                  B.How to Marry a Millionaire.

C.Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.   D.Some Like It Hot.

66.We can infer from the passage that .

A.what she was after were fame and fortune

B.what she liked most were alcohol and sleeping pills

C.she couldn’t get on well with others

D.she didn’t feel happy in spite of her fame and fortune

单项选择题