问题 问答题

一个物体放在足够大的水平地面上,图甲中,若用水平变力拉动,其加速度随力变化图象为图乙所示.现从静止开始计时,改用图丙中周期性变化的水平力F作用(g取10m/s2).求:

(1)物体的质量及物体与地面间的动摩擦因数.

(2)求周期力作用下物体在一个周期内的位移大小.

(3)21s内力F对物体所做的功.

答案

(1)由牛顿第二定律得:F-μmg=ma

得:a=

1
m
F-μg

结合乙图象得:m=4kg;μ=0.1

(2)0~2s:由牛顿第二定律可得F1-μmg=ma1

a1=

F1-μmg
m
=
12-4
4
m/s2=2m/s2

前2s内通过的位移为x1=

1
2
a1t21
=
1
2
×2×22m=4m

2s~4s:由牛顿第二定律可得F2-μmg=ma2

a2=

F2-μmg
m
=
-4-4
4
m/s2=-2m/s2

2s~4s:物体做匀减速运动,t=4s时速度恰好为0,

由以上式可知:一个周期内的位移为x=2x1=8m

(3)20s即5个周期通过的位移x10=5×8=40m

第21秒通过的位移x′=

1
2
a1t2=
1
2
×2×12m=1m

前21秒物体运动时拉力F做的功W=5(F1×s1+F2×s1)+F1×x′=5×[12×4+(-4)×4]+12×1J=172J

答:(1)物体的质量为4kg,物体与地面间的动摩擦因数为0.1.(2)求周期力作用下物体在一个周期内的位移大小为8m.(3)21s内力F对物体所做的功为172J

阅读理解

D

Mike Ingrarn had been a guard the Ohio State football team in the late 1950s.I believe he may have been captain in his senior year.He is a tough - looking guy,a hero in Columbus,a brave fighter in a red—and—gray uniform.  

One holiday season Jack and I had been at the F&R Lazarus department store downtown, and we saw,carrying a tall pile of boxes,someone who clearly was working in the Lazarus stockroom(仓库).It was, Mike Ingram,post—Ohio state football player.

We stared—how could we help it? And Mike Ingram stopped in his track,looked right back at us,and said,with bite in his tone:“Yeah,it's me.”Meaning:Go ahead and stare if you must.

Couldn’t really blame him.There was nothing wrong with what he was doing——be was earning some money in the stockroom.But he was out in the world now, he wasn't where he had been when everything was bathed in sunlight;he was in Ohio Stadium,hearing the supporting shouts from 78,000 people who loved him and his teammates.He had moved past that trust of life’s roles,as everyone does.It was his misfortune to have,been famous very early;there must have been dozens and dozens of men in their twenties working in the Lazarus stockroom that holiday season,but Mike Ingram was the one sure to attract cnrious passers,because he was no longer who he was supposed to be.

68.When the writer met him in Lazarus,Mike was a           .

A.salesman             B.manager             C.1aborer           D.customer

69.By saying“how could we help it?”the writer means that          

A.he and his friend just can’t force themselves not to look at Mike

B.he wonders whether he and his friend can help Mike

C.he and his friend can’t stop looking at each other

D.he and his friend can do nothing to stop Mike carrying the boxes

70.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Mike used to be very popular when he played in the Ohio State football team.

B.Many other people would stare at Mike like the writer when they run into him.

C.Working as an ordinary worker,according to the writer,is Mike’s misfortune.

D.Some people accept what life gives them.

71.We can infer from the passage that when Mike was stared at,he looked           .

A.nice                   B.worried                     C.shy                 D.unhappy

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