问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面题目。(10分,每小题2分) 

汲黯字长孺,濮阳人也。其先有宠于古之卫君。至黯七世,世为卿大夫。黯父任,孝景时为太子洗马,以庄见惮。孝景帝崩,太子即位,黯为谒者。东越相攻,上使黯往视之。不至,至吴而还,报曰:“越人相攻,固其俗然,不足以辱天子之使。”河内失火,延烧千余家,上使黯往视之。还报曰:“家人失火,屋延烧,不足忧也。臣过河南,河南贫人伤水旱万余家,或父子相食,臣谨以便宜,持节河南仓粟以振贫民。臣请归节,伏制之罪。”上贤而释之,迁为荥阳令。黯耻为令,病归田里。上闻,乃召拜为中大夫。以切谏,不得久留内,迁为东海太守。黯学黄老之言,治官理民,好清净,择丞史而任之。其治,责大指而已,不苛小。黯多病,卧闺阁内不出。岁余,东海大治。称之。上闻,召以为主爵都尉,列于九卿。治务在无为而已,弘大体,不拘文法

当是时,太后弟武安侯蚡为丞相,中二千石来拜谒,蚡不为礼。然黯见蚡未尝拜,常揖之。天子方召文学儒者,上曰吾欲云云,黯对曰:“陛下内多欲而外施仁义,奈何欲效唐虞之治乎!”上默然,怒,变色而罢朝。公卿皆黯惧。上退,谓左右曰:“甚矣,汲黯之戆也!”群臣或黯,黯曰:“天子置公卿辅弼之臣,令从谀承意,陷主于不义乎?且已在其位,纵爱身,奈辱朝廷何!(节选自《史记·汲郑列传》)                                                              

小题1:下列加点字的解释不正确的一项是

A.屋延烧比:并排,挨着

B.伏制之罪矫:纠正

C.持节河南仓粟以振贫民发:打开

D.以数谏切:急切,切迫小题2:下列各组中加点字的意义和用法相同的一项是

A.①黯父任②至丹荆卿为计,始速祸焉

B.①以切谏②群臣或

C.①公卿皆黯惧②旦日飨士卒,击破沛公军

D.①令从谀承意②死不屈小题3:下列句子中加点词的意义与现代汉语相同的一项是

A.黯多病,卧闺阁内不出

B.弘大体,不拘文法

C.天子置公卿辅弼之臣

D.天子方召文学儒者小题4:下列叙述不符合原文意思的一项是

A.皇上派汲黯去视察东越之间的争斗,汲黯只到达吴郡就回来了,因为他认为不必为这样琐屑的事而遣派使臣。

B.汲黯学习黄老学说,又因多病,所以处理地方政务主张无为,人们因此对他大加称赞。

C.太后的弟弟武安侯为丞相,很多高官都来拜见,只有汲黯见他从不曾行拜礼,只是拱拱手。

D.汲黯因为总是直言进谏,不能久留宫内。他对皇帝的批评毫不留情,汉武帝对此十分恼怒,但他始终以朝廷为重。小题5:把文言阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(2分)

甚矣,汲黯之戆也!

答案

小题1:B

小题2:C  

小题3:C

小题4:B

小题5:汲黯真是太鲁莽!

小题1:

题目分析:文言文中一词多义现象比较多,所以答题时一定要把实词放回到原文中,结合上下文及本句语法关系来推断实词的含义。由选文可知汲黯请“伏矫制之罪”的背景是“臣谨以便宜,持节发河南仓粟以振贫民”,也就是他假传旨意开仓放粮,可推知,“矫制”就是假托皇帝的旨意。“矫”,假托。

小题2:

题目分析:A.因为/用 B.屡次,多次/数落、责备 C.替,为,介词 D.难道/宁可。文言虚词的意义和用法是高考的一个高频考点,平时复习中要注意了解文言虚词在高考中的考查要求及题型种类。积累常考文言虚词的意义和基本用法。另外虚词大多是多义的,具体解答时要根据它在句中的作用来确定它的词义。

小题3:

题目分析:A.闺阁:古义,内室;今义,女子住的闺房。B.文法:古义,文书法令;今义,语法。 C.辅弼:辅佐、辅助,古今义相同。D.文学,古义,有学问的、有学识的;今义,文学。古今异义词是文言实词的重要考查内容,平时的文言文学习和复习中应对古今异义词加以分类整理,了解古今异义词的古今义,牢固掌握古今异义词的古义。

小题4:

题目分析:综合近些年来的高考设题情况来看,此类题目选择肢中设错类型可分为信息错位、错解词语、强加因果(或因果倒置)、无中生有、颠倒是非将文中未然的信息说成必然等。解题时考生应审准题干,依文索义,正确分析。B选项强加因果,由原文“岁余,东海大治。称之”,可以看出人们对汲黯称赞的是他所管辖的地区“大治”。

小题5:

题目分析:本题首先要找出关键实词、虚词、句式,运用“留”“删”“调”“换”“补”的方法,直译为主,意译为辅。并按现代汉语的规范,达到词达句顺。“甚”译为“太……”,“ 戆”译为鲁莽,句式为主谓倒装,翻译时要调整成正常的顺序,应该为“汲黯之戆甚矣!”

译文:

汲黯,字长孺,是濮阳人。他的先人被古时的卫君宠幸。到汲黯是第七代,代代做卿大夫。汲黯因为父亲的任职,在孝景帝时做了太子洗马,因为严肃使人畏惧。孝景帝驾崩,太子即皇位,汲黯做谒者。东越人互相攻打,皇上派汲黯去视察。汲黯还没到达地点,到了吴郡就回来了,报告说:“越人互相争斗,本来是他们的风俗,不足以劳顿天子的使臣前往。”黄河以北地区失火,连着烧及千余家,皇上派汲黯前往视察情况。汲黯回来报告说:“家里人弄着了火,屋子并排,所以连带烧了,不值得担忧。臣经过黄河南面,黄河南面的穷人有万余家受到水灾、旱灾的侵害,有的父子互相残食,臣以职务之便,拿令牌分发了黄河以南仓库的粟米来赈济贫民,臣还回令牌,请皇上治我假传圣旨的罪过。”皇上认为他贤能就放了他。改任荥阳县令。汲黯耻于做县令(这么小的官职),就托病回家乡了。皇上听说,就把他召回来任为中大夫。因为汲黯多次急谏,不能久留宫内,改任东海郡太守。汲黯学习黄老学说,领导官吏、治理百姓,喜好清静,选择郡丞和书史来任用他们。他治理政事,只管大的方面,不苛求细节。汲黯多病,躺在内室里不出来。一年多,东海郡大治(治理得非常好),人们称赞他。皇上听说了,召见他,任命为主爵都尉,地位在九卿之列。汲黯做官,务求无为而治,宏扬大体,不拘泥文书法令。

这个时候,太后的弟弟武安侯田蚡为丞相,职位在中二千石以上的官吏来拜见,田蚡都不答礼。但是汲黯见田蚡不曾行跪拜礼,只是常常拱拱手。天子正招求会做文章和有学问的人,皇上说我想如何如何,汲黯应答说:“陛下内心多欲望却表面上行仁义,怎么能效法唐虞之治呢!”皇上不说话,怒气冲冲,变了脸色下了朝。公卿都为汲黯害怕。皇上退下后,对左右的人说:“汲黯真是太鲁莽!”群臣中有人责备汲黯,汲黯说:“天子把公卿辅佐的大臣放在一起,难道让我们讨好奉承,把主上置于不义的地方吗?况且我已身在其位,纵使爱惜自己,那又怎能辱没朝廷呢!”

判断题
阅读理解

III 阅读理解(共25小题;每小题2分,满分50分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。                                 

It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin. Al Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.

Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.

The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure.

Al Herpin died at the age of 95. 

41.The main idea of this passage is that _______

A. everyone needs some sleep to stay alive

B. people can live longer by trying not to sleep

C. large numbers of people do not need sleep

D. a person was found who actually didn't need any sleep

42.The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting ______

A. to find out whether his sleeplessness was really true

B. to find out why some old people didn't need any sleep

C. to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping

D. to cure him of his sleeplessness

43. After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that Al Herpin ____

A. needed no sleep at all                    B. needed some kind of sleep   

C . was too old to need any sleep       D .often slept in a chair

44.One reason that might explain Herpin' s sleeplessness was ______

A. his mother's injury before he was born

B. his magnificent physical condition

C. that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habit

D. that he hadn't got a bed

45.Al Herpin' s condition could be regarded as ______

A. a common one     B. very healthy      C. one that could be cured    D. a rare one