问题 解答题

鱼翅由鲨鱼鳍中的细丝状软骨制成.在许多高档的餐厅里,鱼翅动辄要几百元甚至上千元一份,然而有业内人士说,在国内市场消费的鱼翅当中,大约四成是靠所谓的人造鱼翅来支撑的.这些鱼翅从合成到鱼翅精调制,到烧碱明胶双氧水泡制,含有大量损伤人肾脏、消化系统和致癌的物质(见漫画)2013年1月初,中央电视台曝光了假鱼翅的制作过程.

营养学家称,鱼翅蛋白质含量非常高,但它不是什么优质蛋白,人吃了并没有什么特殊意义.另外,鲨鱼鱼翅汤内含有高浓度的重金属毒性物质,会对人的神经系统产生危害.从营养方面看不如牛奶和鸡蛋对人体更有益处.

根据上述材料回答下列问题:

(1)鲨鱼是生活在海洋中的古老鱼类,体温通常随着环境温度的变化而变化,属于______动物

(2)鱼翅含有的蛋白质是胶原蛋白质,在消化道内会被消化成______

(3)人摄取鱼翅后残留在其中的烧碱重金属等有毒物质主要在消化道的______被吸收,然后通过______系统运输到全身各部分,对人体健康造成严重危害

(4)由于国人对天然鱼翅的追逐,不仅导致鱼翅价格攀升,也造成了假鱼翅市场的“繁荣”,更造成了鲨鱼的大量减产,甚至频危.对此,你的态度是______.

答案

(1)在动物界中,只有鸟类和哺乳动物为恒温动物,这二者的心脏四腔,包括左、右心室和左、右心房,比变温动物的心脏要复杂,循环路线包括体循环和肺循环,循环系统输送氧气的能力强,为动物进行呼吸作用提供充足的氧,从而使有机物的分解产生大量的能量,来维持体温的恒定,而鱼类心脏简单只有一心房一心室,一条循环路线,血液输送氧的能力不强,体温不能维持恒定.因此鲨鱼是生活在海洋中的古老鱼类,体温通常随着环境温度的变化而变化,属于变温动物.

(2)蛋白质的消化是从胃开始的,当食物中的蛋白质进入胃以后,在胃液的作用下进行初步消化后进入小肠,小肠里的胰液和肠液含有消化糖类、脂肪和蛋白质的酶,在这些酶的作用下,蛋白质被彻底消化为氨基酸.因此鱼翅含有的蛋白质是胶原蛋白质,在消化道内会被消化成氨基酸.

(3)小肠是消化食物和吸收营养物质的主要场所.人摄取鱼翅后残留在其中的烧碱重金属等有毒物质主要在消化道的小肠被吸收,然后通过循环系统运输到全身各部分,对人体健康造成严重危害.

(4)保护鲨鱼,我们应从自身做起不购买、不食用鱼翅、进行保护鲨鱼的宣传等.因此为保护鲨鱼我的态度是拒吃鱼翅.

故答案为:

(1)变温;

(2)氨基酸;

(3)小肠;循环;

(4)拒吃鱼翅

阅读理解

第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

A

Amiya Olden could have been a poster child for a reading crisis that affects nearly 2 million Michigan residents older than 1 6:They read below a sixth-grade level,which makes it difficult to find jobs and to improve their lives.Among them,Amiya is one.

Amiya Olden remembers well the day she graduated from Denby High school.She handed her diploma to her mother,who read it to her.“Then when someone asked me to read it,I could remember the things she read,and I knew what I had to say,”recalled Amiya Olden.“When we would go out to restaurants with my aunts,and that is when I really would get upset.1 would see words on the menu but I couldn’t read! ”

But don‘t feel sorry for her. She changed her life by reaching a point where she’d read enough.Two summers ago,she took charge of her life when she walked into Pro Literacy Detroit to improve her reading.Nineteen months ago,she was reading at a second-grade level;now at a fifth-grade level.

Olden now splits her days between her classes at Pro Literacy and the library,where she checks out books and reads them.She says she hopes her improved reading skills will help her find a good job.

And she has advice for others,who have trouble reading.

“Don’t give up on it,”she said.“Even though it can be challenging and you might get frustrated sometimes,practice does help.If you really want to be able to go somewhere,go out to a restaurant and you have to read signs and things like that,you want to know what you want to eat and where you want to go...If you want to succeed in life and grow,you have to read.More  important,you have to feel confident that you can.”

56.Amiya' mother read the diploma to her so that_________.

A.she could encourage her daughter to improve her reading

B.her daughter could remember the content of the diploma

C.they both could remember the particular moment

D.she could show off before her daughter

57.Amiya attends Pro Literacy Detroit to __________.

A.get another diploma                 B.improve her reading level

C.find a good job in the training center     D.be a poster child for the reading crisis

58.From the passage we can see in Michigan__________.

A.many people can’t find good jobs due to poor reading

B.the job market pays too much attention to reading

C.most students can’t graduate from high school

D.the reading crisis affects only poor people

59.Which of the following is true of Amiya?

A.She is 16 years old now.

B.A good job has been offered to her.

C.She is an adviser for those with reading difficulty.

D.Most of her time is divided between her classes and the library.

60.With the study at Pro Literacy,Amiya is now             

A.puzzled       B.discouraged         C.confident            D.1earned

单项选择题