问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面题目。 (每小题2分,共10分)

夜缒而出。见秦伯曰:“秦晋围郑,郑既知亡矣。若亡郑而有益于君,敢以烦执事。越国以鄙远,君知其难也。焉用亡郑以陪邻?邻之厚,君之薄也。若舍郑以为东道主,行李之往来,共其乏困,君亦无所害。且君尝为晋君赐矣,许君焦、瑕,朝济而夕设版焉,君之所知也。夫晋,何厌之有?既东封郑,又欲肆其西封,若不阙秦,将焉取之?阙秦以利晋,唯君图之。”秦伯说,与郑人盟。使杞子、逢孙、杨孙戍之,乃还。

小题1:下列各句中加点词的解释,错误的一项是(   )

A.夜而出缒:用绳子拴着从城墙上下来

B.敢以烦执事执事:办事的官吏

C.朝而夕设版焉   济:救济

D.秦以利晋,唯君图之阙:使……缺,损害小题2:分别比较下列每组句子中加点字的意思,对其判断正确的一项是(   )

越国鄙远                 既东

烦执事                 又欲肆其西

A.两个“以”相同,两个“封”不同

B.两个“以”不同,两个“封”不同

C.两个“以”相同,两个“封”相同

D.两个“以”不同,两个“封”相同小题3:与“夫晋,何厌之有”句式相同的一项是:

A.马之千里者

B.是寡人之过也

C.邻之厚,君之薄也

D.何陋之有小题4:对烛之武这个人物性格的分析评价,最恰当的一组是(   )

①怀才不遇,牢骚满腹 ②能言善辩,智能过人 ③深明大义,顾全大局  ④巧舌如簧,挑拨离间 ⑤无中生有,拨弄是非

A.①③

B.②③

C.②④

D.③⑤小题5:下列叙述不符合文意的一句是(    )

A.烛之武“夜缒而出”,说明当时郑国的情况十分危急。

B.从烛之武对形势的分析中可知,晋国的实力与秦国的实力不相上下。

C.晋侯为了报答秦伯,曾经答应过给秦国两座城池。但是把城池划过去后,就马上修筑城池进行防御。

D.从亡郑于秦无益,说到秦、晋历史关系,说到晋国灭郑之后必然进犯秦国,步步深入,层层逼紧,句句打动对方,具有很强的说服力。

答案

小题1:C 

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题4:B   

小题5:C

小题1:

题目分析:“理解常见文言实词在句中的含义”是2004年版《考试说明》保留内容,提高文言文的阅读能力,归根到底就是要能根据上下文的语境推断重要实词的词义,同时最终也要落实到实词的推断上,因而掌握推断的技巧至关重要。1、因文定义法:由于任何一个实词在特定的语言环境中只可能有一个意义,因此可因文来定义,即根据具体的上下文语境来判断某个实词的具体意项。2、联想迁移法:可从学过的文言篇目或熟知的成语典故中找到相关依据。因此要运用联想,充分调动大脑中的储存信息,进行灵活迁移。3、语法推断法:古汉语有其特殊的句法结构,任何一个实词与其前后的词构成特定的语法关系,因此考生也可从句法结构入手“破题”。4、互文对举法:几个结构相同或相似的句子,其相同位置上的词语往往具有相同、相近或相对、相反的关系,这种特殊的互文对举现象在古汉语中非常普遍。有时同一句中相对应之处的字词也具有这种性质,因此有时用互文对举法可帮助你快速判断。5、通假代入法:通假是古汉语中特有的现象。有时对文言文中某个实词无法理解时,不妨从通假角度考虑,从声旁或形旁角度出发,以另一个可能与之相通的字代入试解,往往会有“柳暗花明又一村”之感。答题时要把实词放回到原文语境中,结合上下文意思去理解。可知C解释为“:渡河”。

小题2:

题目分析:"以"作介词时,"以"和后面的名词或名词词组构成一个介词词组(也有叫作"介词结构"或"介宾词组"的).它表示动作行为所使用的工具,凭借的条件,所强调的对象,形成的原因;引进动作行为发生的时间和处所等.翻译时可根据具体情况译为:"用"、"拿"、"以"、"把"、"按照"、"根据"、"凭借"、"因为"、"由于"等;如表时间、处所,用法同"于",可译为"在"、"从"。"以"所连接的前后两部分,可以是词和词,词组和词组;也可以是句子和句子."以"作连词,在用法上和"而"有许多相同点,有表示并列、递进、承接、目的、结果、原因和修饰等,只是不能用于转折关系。分析可知,第一个“以”,目的连词,来;后一个为介词,拿。前一个“封”为“使……成为疆界”,后一个为“疆界”。

能力层级为理解B。

小题3:

题目分析:文言特殊句式一般分五类:判断句、被动句、省略句、倒装句、疑问句,其中较难理解的

是倒装句。现代汉语习惯的常规语序,一般为“主—谓—宾”“定(状)—中心词”,即主语在谓语前,谓语在宾语前,修饰语在中心语前;但有时因修辞、强调等的需要语序会发生变化。为了方便我们学习,就称它为“倒装句”,即指文言文中一些句子成分的顺序出现了前后颠倒的情况。例句为宾语前置,“有何厌”; D“有何陋”。ABC均为判断句:“…者”“ …也”“ …, …也”。

小题4:

题目分析:文章是信息的载体,离开对信息的关注,读懂字义、词义和句子意思就毫无意义。“筛选”

就是通过淘汰的方法挑选,它要求能够识别和区分不同信息。本考点要求考生在理解文章的基础上,能够从全文的角度对有关信息材料进行辨别、筛选并提取组合,对文章的内容进行分析和归类,从而体现出对文章的理解程度。筛选文中的信息,是在读懂文言语段的基础上,对考生所作的深化了的进一步分析能力的考查。高考设题要求学生根据题目的指令,筛选符合指令的信息。认真研读原文可知①④⑤内容均不符合烛之武的人物性格。本文主要为了凸显烛之武的正面形象,体现他能言善辩,智能过人,深明大义,顾全大局。

小题5:

题目分析:结合原文语境分析可知,C项中“把城池划过去后”错误,晋惠公并未给秦伯土地。

【参考译文】

夜晚用绳子吊下烛武出城。(烛武)拜见秦王说道:“秦、晋围郑,郑国当然知道(自己)要灭亡啦。

如果灭郑国有利于您,那就辛苦您的部下(也值得)了。越过(晋)国来(占有)边远(的郑国),您知道那样很难吗,值得陪邻国来灭郑吗?邻国实力的加强,(就是)您的实力的削弱啊。如果(您和您的部下)住在郑国让我们尽东路上的主人,往来的使者,困乏时提供休息的地方,对您也就没什么害处啊。而且您曾经赐予晋国(粮食),(晋国)许诺给您焦、瑕两邑,(但他们)早上(渡过黄河)上岸晚上就设置筑城墙的板(修筑城墙以防您要那两邑),这是您知道的啊。晋国,哪里有知足的啊?既然已经东边占领了郑国,(便)又想肆意侵占它的西边。如果不攫取秦国(的国土),将取谁的呢?损伤秦来让晋获利,还请您想想它。”秦国国王很高兴,跟郑国人结盟。派杞子、逢孙、扬孙驻防(氾河南岸),(自己率大部队)回国。

阅读理解

There is a famous saying from the French politician J.A. Brillat-Savarin that goes: “Tell me what kind of food you eat, and I will tell you what kind of man you are.” It can be easy to not really think about what you eat. For example, whenever you go into a supermarket to buy a drink, it is all too easy to pick up an ice cream or a piece of chocolate as well. You might not even really want them, but sometimes their bright, nice packaging(包装) can be too hard to refuse.

So, in our special food magazine we will show you why you should really pay more attention to what you eat! Food not only influences our health but also our beliefs, customs and personalities. 

The first article will look at the way fast food is leading to obesity (肥胖). The famous cook, Jamie Oliver, has made it his purpose to introduce ideas about healthy eating. In a speech, Jamie Oliver told the world that during the 18 minutes that he gave his speech, four Americans would die because of the food that they ate! Obesity is also a growing problem in China. As China Daily reported in February, the number of obese people under the age of 18 in China has reached 120 million.

Jamie has worked for 10 years to try and fight this problem. Learning about food is important not just because of health problems but also because many people still don’t have enough food today. And we know as the improvement of science sometimes we have to face genetically modified (转基因) food. Don’t worry – we’ll make you know more about all these topics in our special article! 

We’ll also tell you something interesting about food. For example, do you know what the largest food on the menu is all over the world? It’s the roasted camel and it has been served for several hundred years, often stuffed (填满) with chicken, lamb, egg, fish and rice! 

Hopefully by the time you finish reading this edition(版本), you’ll pay more attention to the food that you eat. As Oliver says, food is something that can help us enjoy our life. It is important that we love it!

小题1:Where is J.A. Brillat-Savarin from?

A. America.     B. England.      C. France.       D. Australia.

小题2:Food can influence us in many ways except our ___________.

A.health

B.beliefs

C.customs

D.dreams小题3:Someone is too fat , maybe because he eats too much ______.

A.chicken

B.lamb

C.roasted camel

D.fast food小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Some people may buy some food just because of it’s packaging.

B.Four Americans died because of Jamie Oliver’s speech.

C.We have enough food for all the people in the world now.

D.Chicken is the largest food on the menu all over the world.

判断题