问题 问答题

简述造血干细胞移植的适应证和禁忌证。

答案

参考答案:

 造血干细胞的移植: (A) 适应证:allo-HSCT适应证较广泛,可以治疗恶性血液病、非恶性难治性血液病、严重遗传性及代谢性疾病,而auto-HSCT主要治疗恶性血液病、某些实体瘤、严重自身免疫性疾病。对于移植时机的选择,常规化疗效果较好者如儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性早幼粒细胞白血病等,可在复发后再移植,而其他类型白血病则宜在疾病早期进行,可提高疗效,减少移植相关死亡。对于慢性粒细胞白血病、重型遗传性血液病,allo-HSCT为唯一治疗手段,应尽早移植。 (B) 禁忌证:allo-HSCT一般要求受者年龄在E0 岁以下, auto-HSCT和同基因HSCT可放宽至F0 岁以内。接受移植的患者不应有严重的心、肝、肺、肾等重要脏器功能损害或严重精神障碍。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation

appears attractive: to those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable.

     In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook,

I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else's

way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's

bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without

relying on them.

     In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child,

you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone

on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the

weak choices of others.

     In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when

they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on

their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.

     Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies,

books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations

were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been

done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless

resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material

knocking at the door of imagination.

     Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. Then

you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors" tragedies and stories, and know that they are cheering

on.

1. Imitation proves useful when you _____.

A. know you are unique

B. lose the balance of life

C. begin to learn something new

D. get tired of routine practice

2. To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should _____.

A. forget daily fear and pain

B. choose the right example

C. ask others for decisions

D. stay away from stars

3. Acording to the author, the world moves on because of those who are _____.

A. desperate to insurance others with their knowledge

B. ready to turn their original ideas into reality

C. eager to discover what their ancestors did

D. willing to accept others' ideas

4. The trouble a creator faces is _____.

A. the lack of strong motivation

B. the absence of practical ideas

C. how to search for more materials

D. how to use imagination creatively

5. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? 

A. To highlight the importance of creatively.

B. To criticize the characters of role models.

C. To compare imitation with creation.

D. To explain the meaning of success.