问题 实验题

张明同学在学习“硫酸及其盐的某些性质与用途”中,进行如下实验探究。

[实验一]探究浓硫酸的氧化性。

将实验室常用的药品放入如图所示的实验装置后,加热装置甲。(夹持和加热装置省略)

(1)该装置在设计上存在明显的缺陷,请指出:_____________________。

(2)写出装置甲中反应的化学方程式:______________________。

(3)装置乙中的试剂是_____________。

[实验二]探究某硫酸亚铁盐固体是否变质。

(4)请你帮助张明同学完成如下实验方案:

[实验三]用KHSO4制取H2O2并测其质量分数。查阅资料得知,工业上电解KHSO4饱和溶液制取H2O2的示意图如下:

张明用此法制取一定浓度的H2O2,并进行下列实验测定H2O2的质量分数:(离子方程式:2MnO4-+5H2O2+6H+=2Mn2++8H2O+5O2↑)

①取5. 00 mL H2O2溶液(密度为1.00 g/mL)置于锥形瓶中,加水稀释,再加稀硫酸酸化;

②用0. 100 0 mol/L KMnO4溶液滴定;

③用同样方法滴定,三次消耗KMnO4溶液的体积分别为20.00 mL、19. 98 mL、20.02 mL。

回答下列问题:

(5)电解饱和KHSO4溶液时,阳极的电极反应式为__________________。

(6)操作②中,滴入第一滴KMnO4溶液,溶液紫红色消 失很慢,随着滴定过程中Mn2+的增多,溶液紫红色消失速率加快。Mn2+的作用是________________。

(7)原H2O2溶液中溶质的质量分数为_________。

答案

(1)装置乙不应有瓶塞

(2)Cu+2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O

(3)氢氧化钠溶液

(4)往一支试管中加入少量固体,加水溶解,再滴加几滴KSCN溶液;若溶液变为红色,说明该固体已变质,若溶液未变红色,说明该固体没有变质

(5)2SO42--2e-=S2O82-

(6)作催化剂(或加快反应速率)

(7)3.4%(或0. 034)

单项选择题
阅读理解

C

Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging. Criticism(批评)from coaches(trainers), parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware(realize), at all times, that their feedback(反馈)to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters many take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷) in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be cautious(careful) that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on(pay more attention to) the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress(pressure), which can lead to burnout.

64.According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that         .

A.it can help them learn more about society

B.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

C.it enables them to find flaws in themselves

D.it can provide them with valuable experiences

65.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes         .

A.without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence

B.in order to make them remember life’s lessons

C.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

D.so as to put more pressure on them

66.According to the passage parents and coaches should         .

A.help children to win every game

B.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

C.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

D.train children to deal with stress

67.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is         .

A.to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

B.to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to children

C.to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement

D.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout