问题 问答题 论述题

试述如何提高领导的有效性?

答案

参考答案:

(一)从领导者自身人手 

1.明确组织对领导工作的要求 

(1)要求领导者及时为组织成员指明目标,并使个人目标与组织目标取得协调一致。 

(2)要求领导者在领导过程中所发布的命令要一致,即实行统一指挥o 

(3)要求领导者加强直接管理。 

(4)要求领导者加强组织内外信息沟通联络,保证沟通渠道的畅通. 

(5)要求领导者掌握激励理论,运用适宜的激励措施和方法,调动群众的积极性o 

(6)要求领导者不断地改进和完善自己的领导方法‘ 

2.加强领导班子(集团)结构建设,全面地提高领导班子(集团)的整体效能。 

为提高领导的有效性,领导班子结构配备是否合理是至关重要的。一个合理化的领导班子应该具有梯形的年龄结构;互补的知识结构;配套的专业结构;叠加的智能结构;协调的气质结构。 

3.科学地运用领导艺术 

现代组织在复杂多变的环境中生存和发展,要求组织的领导者不但要运用科学的理论和方法进行工作,而且还必须依靠丰富的经验和直觉判断来处理问题,这就要求有高超的领导艺术。所谓领导艺术,是指领导者在行使领导职能时,所表现出来的技巧。它是建立在一定知识、经验基础上的,非规范化,有创造性的领导技能。领导艺术有随机性、经验性,多样性和创造性的特点.具体包括: 

待人艺术;提高工作效率的艺术等。 

4.不断提高领导者(领导班子)的素质。 

领导者的素质水平是影响领导活动效果的最重要因素之一。面对市场的激烈竞争和领导 

队伍的现实状况,尽快地提高领导者的素质水平,是整个领导活动中的关键一环,它既是当务之急,又是百年大计。 

(二)从被领导者人手领导者要采取多种形式,不断地提高被领导者的素质,使他们不断地从不成熟到成熟。同时,领导者还应根据被领导者的个性、能力、经验、知识、价值观、对自主的要求、职业倾向、期望和士气等不同,采取多种多样的措施和不同的领导方式来调动被领导者的自觉性、主动性和积极性。 

(三)从环境人手 

不断地创造一种和谐的环境。 

完形填空
完形填空
       In China, the Spring Festival is the most important of all the holidays in the year. Two important things
  1   to make this holiday different from all the others: giving presents and spending it   2   the family.
       Many weeks   3   the Spring Festival, we know it is coming. In the   4   goods for this special holiday
appear and outside them are the special New Year decorations. The advertisements   5   all the newspapers tell us that there are "Only five   6   shopping days to Spring Festival".   7   you go, you will realize that
Spring Festival, which comes "only   8   a year", is coming again.
       Giving   9   to one's family is a very sweet custom(风俗). The spirit behind the present matters most,
not the present   10  . It is good at Spring Festival to   11   to the hometown and meet parents, grandparents and as many aunts, uncles and cousins as possible.
       In the past,   12   New Year's Eve, all the members of a family   13   stay at home making dumplings together.  14   many people enjoy watching TV. During the day, children wear their new clothes. The evening
is usually spent in games, talking, more eating and   15  .
( )1. A. help      
( )2. A. in        
( )3. A. after    
( )4. A. towns    
( )5. A. on        
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( )7. A. Where    
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( )9. A. money    
( )10. A. itself  
( )11. A. go      
( )12. A. in      
( )13. A. would    
( )14. A. Now      
( )15. A. sleeping
B. want      
B. on        
B. before    
B. schools  
B. in        
B. fewer    
B. Wherever  
B. twice    
B. presents  
B. themselves
B. come      
B. at        
B. might    
B. But      
B. playing  
C. get      
C. at      
C. during  
C. shops    
C. from    
C. another  
C. Whatever
C. one      
C. wishes  
C. by itself
C. return  
C. on      
C. could    
C. And      
C. running  
D. hope                
D. with                
D. at                  
D. restaurants        
D. above              
D. more                
D. How                
D. once                
D. cards              
D. either              
D. turn                
D. by                  
D. have to            
D. So                  
D. drinking            
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