问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成小题。

且夫天下固有意外之患也。愚者见四方之无事,则以为变故无自而有,此亦不然矣。今国家所以奉西北二虏者,岁以百万计。奉之者有限,而求之者无厌,此其势必至于战。战者必然之势也。不先于我,则先于彼;不出于西,则出于北。所不可知者,有迟速远近,而要以不能免也。

天下苟不免于用兵,而用之不以渐,使民于安乐无事之中,一旦出身而蹈死地,则其为患必有不测。故曰:天下之民,知安而不知危,能逸而不能劳,此臣所谓大患也。臣欲使士大夫尊尚武勇,讲习兵法;庶人之在官者,教以行阵之节;役民之司盗者,授以击刺之术。每岁终则聚于郡府,如古都试之法,有胜负,有赏罚,而行之既久,则又以军法从事。然议者必以为无故而动民,又挠以军法,则民将不安,而臣以为此所以安民也。天下果未能去兵,则其一旦将以不教之民而驱之战。夫无故而动民,虽有小怨,然熟与夫一旦之危哉

今天下屯聚之兵,骄豪而多怨,陵压百姓,而邀其上者,何故?此其心,以为天下之知战者,惟我而已。如使平民皆习于兵,彼知有所敌,则固以破其 * * 谋,而折其骄气。利害之际,岂不亦甚明欤?

(节选自苏轼《教战守策》)

小题1:对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是(    )

A.此亦不矣然:……的样子。

B.此臣所谓大也患:祸患。

C.则又以军法从从事:部署办事。

D.而其上者,何故邀:通“要”,“要挟”。小题2:下列各组句子中,加点的词的意义和用法相同的一组是(    )

A.愚者见四方无事翱翔蓬蒿之间

B.战者必然之势富与贵,是人之所欲也

C.使民安乐无事之中仲尼岂贤于子乎

D.臣以为此所以安民也己欲立而立人小题3:用斜线(/)给下面的文言文断句正确的一项是(    )

仲 尼 曰 善 哉 政 宽 则 民 慢 慢 则 纠 之 以 猛 猛 则 民 残 残 则 施 之 以 宽 宽 以 济 猛 猛 以 济 宽 政 是 以 和。——《左传》

A.仲尼曰/善哉政宽/则民慢/慢则纠之/以猛猛则民残/残则施之/以宽宽以济猛/猛以济宽/政是以和。

B.仲尼曰/善哉/政宽则民慢/慢则纠之以猛/猛则民残/残则施之以宽/宽以济猛/猛以济宽/政是以和。

C.仲尼曰/善哉/政宽则民慢/慢则纠之/以猛猛则民残/残则施之/以宽宽以济猛/猛以济宽/政是以和。

D.仲尼曰/善哉政宽/则民慢/慢则纠之以猛/猛则民残/残则施之以宽/宽以济猛/猛以济宽政/是以和。

答案

小题1:A

小题2:B

小题3:B

题目分析:

小题1:然:正确。

小题2:A项,主谓之间,取消句子独立性/助词,的。B项,都表判断。C项,介词,在/介词,比。D项,连词,表转折,可是/连词,表递进,就。

小题3:首先看标志词“曰”、“哉”,然后找修辞顶真,这两种情况要停顿,最后结合前后句式的对称。参考译文:孔仲尼说:“对啊,如果政策宽松了,那么百姓就会对法律怠慢起来;百姓怠慢了,就用严厉的措施进行纠正;严厉了,百姓就会普遍受到伤害;百姓普遍受到伤害了,就再将政策放宽些。用宽松的政策来调整严厉的法律,用严厉的法律来调整宽松的政策,那么,天下就管理得和谐了。”

选择题
完形填空

PART FOUR  WRITING (45 points)

SECTIONA (10 points)

Direction: Reading the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks with no more than three words for each answer that best fits the passage.

Why must we pay taxes? The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example, to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc, and to buy goods from abroad; and only the people of the country can supply the money.

One of the most important taxes is income-tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income, whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner or anything else. This is called a “direct” tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government.

Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, new clothes, tobacco, wine, etc, when they are brought into a country. Such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are late sold in shops. We call it “indirect” tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers.

People usually complain about(抱怨) having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, to see that men obey the laws, to direct traffic, etc, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we can’t have an army without paying for it. Besides, if a country wants to develop, there are many other things to do.

Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We buy our food and clothes and pay for our amusements; but, there are several things that the State finds the money for, and that is necessary for us if our society is to continue. We have no real reason to complain, therefore, when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.

Tax is a   71  part of our life

Why must we pay taxes?

⊕The State need the money for our society to   72 .

⊕We supply money for the good of ourselves and   73 .

How do we pay taxes?

⊕  74 

The tax is paid according to one’s   75 .

The tax is paid to the government.

⊕  76 

The tax is paid through   77 .

The tax is paid as part of the price of goods.

Where does tax money go?

⊕To   78  — to keep us safe

⊕To teachers — to   79  the children

⊕To cleaners — to   80  clean

⊕To the army — to defend our country