问题 阅读理解

B

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are drawing near. Are you eager to enjoy watching the matches or start serving as a volunteer? First, you need to know about audience manners.

The behavior of courtside audiences is considered to be an important part of sporting culture. In 2004, after world champion Stephen Hendry lost to Ding Junhui in the China Open Snooker Championships, he complained of the noise from Chinese spectators. Perhaps you and your classmates could be written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before you leave, remember to take away your soft drink bottles and other trash(垃圾).

During exciting games, try to control yourself. Don’t criticize the performance of players and coaches. Be careful with your words, since some may cause anger among other people in the audience.

Applause is a special form of body language you can use to communicate with players. But you should do it properly. When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don’t go on for too long. After an excellent performance, applaud warmly. If someone fails, your applause will help encourage them.

Applause is not welcome, however, while a game is in progress and players need to keep their concentration. Various sports have various rules for the audience.

Enjoying artistic gymnastics requires silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. Snooker and table tennis courtside behavior includes a ban on flash photography. Mobile phones are not allowed in shooting centers.

To be a good spectator, you should take time to learn the game-specific rules and related culture of each event.

46.What does the underlined work “spectators” mean in the second paragraph?

A.Players     B.Audiences C.Coaches    D.Organizers

47.When can’t you leave the spot of a game?

A.When the game is going on    B.When the game is just over

C.Before the game begins   D.When the game is long over

48.What should you do during an exciting football game?

A.Control yourself      B.Keep quiet

C.Praise the players     D.Cheer the players

49.When can’t you clap your hands?

A.When players first appear      

B.When an excellent performance is over

C.When someone fails

D.When a player is finishing a very difficult performance

50.What is the best title of this text ?

A.How to be a good audience of Beijing Olympic Games

B.How to support players at Beijing Olympic Games

C.How to control yourself at Beijing Olympic Games

D.How to enjoy the games at Beijing Olympic Games

答案

小题1:B

小题2:A

小题3:D

小题4:D

小题5:A

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。
当代环境伦理学是一个富有开放性和包容性的新学科,形成了多种理论模式和学说。这些模式、学说既包括现代人类中心主义即浅环境论,也包括非人类中心主义即深环境论,还包括可持续发展环境伦理观。
可持续发展环境伦理观在主张人与自然和谐统一的整体价值观方面与深环境论中的环境整体主义是一致的,不同之处在于可持续发展环境伦理观在强调入与自然和谐统一的基础上,更承认人类对自然的保护作用和道德代理人的责任,以及一定社会中人类行为的环境道德规范。可持续发展环境伦理观对现代人类中心主义和非人类中心主义采取了一种整合的态度。它汲取了生命中心论、生态中心论等非人类中心主义关于“生物,生态具有内在价值”的思想,承认自然不仅具有工具价值,也具有内在价值,但又不把内在价值仅归于自然自身,而是提高为人与自然和谐统一的整体性质。这样,由于人类和自然是一个和谐统一的整体,那么,不仅是人类,还有自然,都应该得到道德关怀。另一方面,可持续发展环境伦理观在人与自然和谐统一整体价值观的基础上,承认现代人类中心主义关于人类所特有的“能动作用”,承认人类在这个统一整体中占有的“道德代理人”和环境管理者的地位。这样,就避免了非人类中心主义在实践中所带来的困难,使之更具有适用性。
承认自然的固有价值和人类的实践能动作用的基础上所形成的人与自然的整体价值观是可持续发展环境伦理观的理论基础。现代生态学和系统科学研究表明,自然界(包括人类社会在内)是一个有机整体,生命系统表现为网络格局,自然界的组成部分,从物种层次、生态系统层次到生物圈层次都是相互联系、相互作用和相互依赖的。任何生物都有内在的目的性,都以其各自的方式在整体生态关系中实现其自身的善。因此,任何生物和自然都拥有其自身的固有价值(固有价值是一种实体为获得自身的善而独立于人类评价者目的的价值)。生物和自然所拥有的固有价值应当使它们享有道德地位并获得道德关怀,成为道德顾客。可持续发展伦理观把道德共同体从人扩大到“人——自然”系统,把道德对象的范围从人类扩大到生物和自然。与此同时,由于只有人类才具有实践的能动性,才具有自觉的道德意识,才能进行道德选择和做出道德决定,所以只有人是道德主体。作为道德代理人的人类,应当珍惜和爱护生物和自然,承认它们在一种自然状态中持续存在的价值。因此,人类具有自觉维护生物和自然的责任。

对“人类应承担起自然的道德代理人的责任”的意义的解说,最全面的一项是 ( )。

A.自然拥有自身固有的价值,是道德的顾客,应该得到人类的道德关怀。

B.自然是道德顾客,享有道德地位和道德关怀,人类应具有自觉的道德意识。

C.人类应当珍惜、爱护自然,承认自然作为一种实体而拥有的自身在自然状态中持续存在的价值。

D.自然拥有自身的固有价值,应享有道德地位,获得道德关怀,只有人类才是道德的主体,有自觉维护自然的责任。

多项选择题