问题 问答题 论述题

试述凯恩斯理论体系,其对生产过剩问题的分析与马克思的观点有什么不同?

答案

参考答案:

(1)凯恩斯理论体系是建立在三大基本心理规律基础上的。即消费心理状态所决定的消费倾向;资本家的心理状态所决定的资本边际效率;公众的心理状态所决定的货币流动偏好。

凯恩斯认为,资本主义市场的自发作用不能保证这三个心理状态所决定的变量的数值相互协调,以致于有效需求不足而造成失业和危机。

(2)凯恩斯理论体系的要点:

国民收入决定:消费和投资

消费:消费倾向和收入

消费倾向:APC、MPC和投资乘数

MPC递减引起消费不足

投资:利率和资本的边际效率

利率:流动偏好和货币数量

资本的边际效率递减引起投资不足

流动偏好强化了消费不足和投资不足

因此主张政府对需求管理,通过财政政策和货币政策对经济进行干预。

(3)马克思认为,生产过剩的根本原因是资本主义社会的基本矛盾,即生产的社会化与生产资料私人占有制之间的矛盾,生产社会化促进了社会生产力的快速发展,而生产资料私人占有制则使公众有支付能力的需求不断下降,因此,经济危机必然产生。

单项选择题
单项选择题

When Dave was eighteen, he bought a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more (1) than by bus. It worked quite well for a few years, but then it got so old, and it was costing him (2) much in repairs that he decided that he had better (3) it.

He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly (4) to buy a cheap car, but they all knew that it was falling to pieces, so (5) of them had any desire to buy it. Dave’s friend Sam saw that he was (6) when they met one evening, and said, "What’s (7) , Dave"

Dave told him, and Sam answered, "Well, what about advertising it in the paper You may (8) more for it that way than the cost of the advertisement!" Thinking that Sam’s (9) was sensible, he put an advertisement in an evening paper, which read "For sale: small car, (10) very little petrol, only two owners. Bargain at 50. " For two days after the advertisement first appeared, there was no (11) . But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry. A man rang up and said he would like to (12) him about the car. "All right, " Dave said, feeling happy. He asked the man whether ten o’clock the next morning would be (13) or not. "Fine, " the man said, "and I’ll (14) my wife. We intend to go for a ride in it to (15) it. "

The next morning, at a quarter to ten, Dave parked the car in the square outside his front door, (16) to wait there for the people who had (17) his advertisement. Even Dave had to (18) that the car really looked like a wreck. Then, soon after he had got the car as clean (19) it could be, a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out. He looked at Dave’s car and then said, "Have you reported this (20) to us yet, sir\

4().

A.anxious 

B.lucky 

C.ashamed 

D.generous