问题 填空题

(9分)化学与人类生活密切相关。(1)厨房中的下列物品,所使用的主要材料属于天然纤维的是    (填字母序号)。

             

A.塑料保鲜膜             B.橡胶手套               C.棉布围裙 

(2)下列食物中,能提供大量维生素的是     (填字母序号)

(3)加碘盐中“碘” 是指       (填“元素”或“分子”),身体中一旦缺碘,可能患有的疾病是       (填“甲状腺肿大”或“骨质疏松”)。

(4)厨房中能用来除水垢的物质是       (填“食醋”或“食盐水”)。

(5)厨房中的下列物质在水中能形成溶液的是       (填字母序号)。

A.调和油       B.食盐         C.面粉         D.白糖

(6)良好的家居环境带来美好的生活。

①房屋装修后,可在室内放一些活性炭来吸收装修材料释放出的甲醛、苯等有毒气体,这是利用活性炭的       性。

②下图所示的“火立熄”是一种新型的家用灭火用品。“火立熄”接触到火焰3—5秒后炸开,释放的粉末覆盖在燃烧物上,同时放出不可燃气体,使火焰熄灭。“火立熄”的灭火原理是   (填标号)。

A.清除可燃物      B.使燃烧物与氧气隔绝     C.降低燃烧物的着火点

(7)汽车是现代生活中常见的一种交通工具。

①喷漆可以延缓汽车钢铁外壳的锈蚀,其防锈原理是隔绝             

②我国已推广使用车用乙醇汽油,它是在汽油中加入适量的乙醇,作为汽车的燃料。

下列叙述正确的是        (填字母)。

A.乙醇汽油是一种新型的化合物   

B.乙醇可通过粮食发酵的方法制得

C.使用乙醇汽油能减少有害气体的排放

D.乙醇和汽油都是可再生能源

用天然气作为机动车的燃料是目前国家大力提倡的,天然气的主要成分是甲烷,甲烷

燃烧的化学方程式为                            

④汽车生产过程中需要各种金属,其中用量最大的是铁和铝。工业上炼铁的简要流程如下:

请写出步骤Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的化学反应方程式                           

                                                          

答案

(1)C (2)A (3)元素   甲状腺肿大 (4)食醋  (5)BD

(6)①吸附   ②B (7)①氧气和水  ②BC   ③ CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O

④ C+O2 CO2  C + CO2 2CO  3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe +3CO2

(1)厨房中的下列物品,所使用的主要材料属于天然纤维的是:棉布围裙;

(2)水果中富含大量的维生素;

(3)加碘盐中的碘是指碘元素,身体中一旦缺碘,可能患有的疾病是甲状腺肿大;

(4)水垢的主要成分是碳酸钙,碳酸钙能和酸反应,所以厨房中能用来除水垢的物质是食醋;

(5)食盐和蔗糖能溶于水形成溶液,而面粉和水形成的悬浊液,调和油和水形成的是乳浊液;

(6)①房屋装修后,可在室内放一些活性炭来吸收装修材料释放出的甲醛、苯等有毒气体,这是利用活性炭的吸附性;

②“火立熄”接触到火焰3-5秒后炸开,释放的粉末覆盖在燃烧物上,同时放出不可燃气体,使火焰熄灭.是利用使燃烧物与氧气隔绝从而达到灭火;

(7)①喷漆可以延缓汽车钢铁外壳的锈蚀,其防锈原理是隔绝氧气和水;

②我国已推广使用车用乙醇汽油,它是在汽油中加入适量的乙醇,作为汽车的燃料.乙醇可通过粮食发酵的方法制得,使用乙醇汽油能减少有害气体的排放;而乙醇汽油是一种混合物;汽油是不可再生能源;

③用天然气作为机动车的燃料是目前国家大力提倡的,天然气的主要成分是甲烷,甲烷燃烧的化学方程式为:CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O

④焦炭和氧气反应生成二氧化碳,化学反应方程式:C+O2 CO2;碳和二氧化碳在高温条件下生成一氧化碳,化学反应方程式:C + CO2 2CO;一氧化碳和氧化铁反应生成铁和二氧化碳,化学反应方程式:3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe +3CO2

完形填空

Some experts feel that the automobile is to “die”. They see a day in the not­too­distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to become rotten iron and steel rubbish. __小题1:__ They think that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the near future.

_小题2:_ It should become smaller, safer, and more money­saving, and should not be powered by the petrol engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution­free than present types.

Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jam. _小题3:_

When the auto enters the freeway system, a retractable arm, which can be moved inwards or backwards, will drop from the auto and touch a rail that is similar to the subway trains electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. 小题4:_

The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the freeway. _小题5:_ It is guessed that an automated freeway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present­day freeway.

A.Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay.

B.The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.

C.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated freeway system.

D.Experts have different views on what role autos will play in the near future.E.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years.

F.Drivers in the freeway system can sit back and do nothing but control the direction.

G.The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the sound speaker that will warn him of his coming exit.

1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

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