问题 阅读理解

Two teaching staff stood in court last week, in different parts of Britain, each charged with assault (人身侵犯) after attempting to remove a troublemaking student from the classroom. In both cases the men had been suspended(使暂时停职) from their schools and each had spent almost a year waiting for their cases to come to court. One man, Mark Ellwood, was cleared. The other was found guilty. Both cases show the almost impossible position teachers are now in as they try to keep order in schools. They have the responsibility for what goes on in classrooms, but it’s naughty pupils who have the power.

Ellwood was the comparatively lucky one. He was brought in to work with children with behavioral difficulties. When he asked a boy to take off his jacket and put away his phone, the pupil threatened to stab(刺) him. Ellwood removed the boy from the class, and when the boy started kicking him, Ellwood swept his feet from under him and lowered him to the ground. Weeks later he was charged with assault. Social services decided that the charge made him a potential risk to any child, so he was ordered to leave his wife and teenage daughters and move out of his home. The judges told him that they hoped he would now forget his nightmare and restart his life.

Sixty-two-year-old Michael Becker is the man who lost his case and will now lose his job. He taught in a special school. On the day of the incident, they were making pinhole cameras when the 15-year-old pupil arrived late. He refused to sit down, and instead walked around the classroom, telling jokes. He ignored several requests to start work and refused to leave the classroom when asked. Eventually Becker seized the boy by his belt and sweatshirt and removed him to a nearby storeroom, with the boy falling down as he struggled to break away. A teaching assistant, sent to check on him a few minutes later, found him sitting in the corridor, clearly unharmed. Becker considered the incident over, but the next day he was suspended as the subject of a police investigation.

Why did two British teachers stand in court?

A. Because they were charged with assault on their students.

B. Because they removed a troublemaking student from a classroom.

C. Because they were suspended from their schools.

D. Because they tried to keep order in schools.

According to the passage Ellwood __________.

A. was found guilty and lost his job     B. was too strict with his students

C. often punished his students       D. was lucky not to lose the case

When the incident happened, Michael Becker __________.

A. lost his case and will lose his job

B. was teaching his students to make pinhole cameras

C. ignored several requests to start work

D. was suspended as the subject of a police investigation

From the two cases we can learn in Britain __________.

A. removing students from the classroom is not allowed

B. teachers have no power to keep order in schools

C. students can do whatever they like in the classroom

D. it’s very difficult to be a teacher

答案

小题1:A

小题2:D

小题3:B

小题4:D

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成后面题目。

历史遗留下来的文学、艺术中的精品都有永久的魅力,后代人无法仿制。像《诗经》《楚辞》都是被誉为不朽的作品。说它们不朽,无非是说它有比一般文学、艺术作品享有更长的寿命,在较长的时间里能继续发生影响,“不朽”并不具有哲学概念的“永恒存在”的意思。拿屈原的作品来说,汉朝初年的贾谊被感动的痛哭流涕,今天试找了一位大学中文系的青年来读一下,他的感受总难达到贾谊的程度,即使这位青年也有深沉的苦闷,满腹牢骚。《红楼梦》也是一部名著,和《诗经》《楚辞》一样产生过广泛的影响。“五四”前后青年男女知识分子没有读过《红楼梦》的占少数,现在青年读《红楼梦》的占少数,现在青年读《红楼梦》的比例显然要少得多。

以上现象,借用电信通讯的概念,可以称为“文化影响衰减”现象。远距离的通讯联络,讯号逐渐衰减,距离越远衰减越明显。为了防止衰减,中间设有接力站,使讯号得到增益。衰减现象之所以出现,是因为古人的处境与今人不同,古人的思想感受有与今人相同处,也有与今人不同处,世代相去久远,古今人之间感受的差别越大。

中国哲学有极丰富的文化遗产,孔子、老子等思想流派到今天还有影响。我们常听人说孔子思想影响了中国两千多年,要继承中 * * 的优良传统,首先要发扬孔子的哲学。也有人认为孔子思想与今天中国的现代化关系不大,倒是有些保守思想是孔子哲学造成的。这两种看法都有根据,现在从文化影响的衰减现象来看,我不相信世界上有一种文化现象两千多年永远长寿而不衰减。

以孔子为代表的儒家影响长久不衰,完全是凭借了两次接力站的补充,得到增益的结果。第一次增益,西汉的董仲舒抬出孔子为号召,增加了汉朝流行的天人感应、阴阳五行学说,建立了宗教神学。在他的带动下,中国哲学史上出现了全国性的第一个高潮。思想是随着社会生活的变革而变革的,当董仲舒的哲学不能应付佛教、道教的冲击,孔子的独尊地位保不住了。宋朝的朱熹起了第二次接力作用,把魏晋隋唐时期已经趋于衰减的儒家振兴起来。朱熹把儒家学说变成儒教,形成了儒教经学,为了壮大自己,儒教吸取了佛教、道教的心性修养内容,从而大大丰富了儒家经学。

经典文句是凝固的。它的影响会随着时移世变而衰减,但对经典的解释却可以随时改变、充实,使它免于衰减,记载孔子言行的可靠经典《论语》,这部书不过一万多字,它对后世的影响主要来自各家的解释、阐发。朱熹的《四书集注》就经常用注解的形式来阐发自己的思想,为了取得权威性的理论根据,不得不抬出孔子作为招牌,以述为作,是古代学者通用的办法。辨明这个事实,就不难看清董仲舒的孔子是汉代的孔子,朱熹的孔子是宋代的孔子。“五四”时期提出“打倒孔家店”,要打倒的不是鲁国孔丘,而是经过朱熹改造的巩固封建社会的儒教。长久不衰的不只孔子一家,道教老子也火了两千多年,道教老子也是一个招牌。

(摘编自任继愈《文化遗产的寿命》)

小题1:下列表述的内容,对“文化影响衰减”现象表述正确的一项是

A.《诗经》《楚辞》虽然被人们称为不朽的作品,但在事实上它们只是比其他古代文学作品存世的时间更加长久一些罢了。

B.屈原的作品可以使汉初的贾谊感动的痛哭流涕,但是无法使今天的青年有同样深切的感受,因为这个青年不可能也有过那样痛苦的遭遇。

C.“五四”时期,《红楼梦》在青年男女知识分子当中曾经产生过广泛的影响,但是现在,《红楼梦》在青年中几乎没多少影响。

D.古人的处境跟今人有所不同,所以古人的思想感受也就可能跟今人有所不同,时代距离越远,古人和今人思想感受的差别就越大。小题2:下列关于孔子思想和儒家学说的理解,符合原文内容的一项是

A.虽然孔子的思想在当时和后代都有影响,但是实际上按“文化影响衰减”的说法来看,孔子思想的影响力量只会越来越小。

B.孔子的思想在秦汉之际出现了衰减,但西汉儒家学说在全国形成了一个高潮,于是董仲舒把当时流行的天人感应,阴阳五行学说加进孔子思想中。

C.魏晋隋唐时期孔子思想出现了第二次衰减,宋朝的朱熹把儒家学说变成儒教,并吸取了佛教、道教的心性修养内容,大大丰富了儒家经学。

D.孔子的思想主要表现在《论语》一书中,由于这部书只有一万多字,不可能造成深远的影响,造成深远影响的主要是后代各家的解释和阐发。小题3:下列理解和分析,不符合原文内容的一项是

A.当我们说孔子思想影响了中国两千多年的时候,是把董仲舒、朱熹等人的思想影响也一起考虑在内而这样说的。

B.有人说,今天中国有些保守思想是孔子哲学造成的。其实这种保守思想应该是后人加入的,并不是当初鲁国孔丘原来的思想。

C.以述为作,就是通过注解古代经典的形式来阐发自己的思想,为了获得权威性的理论根据,朱熹《四书集注》一书就采用了这种方法。

D.中国哲学有着丰富的文化遗产,老子的道家思想和孔子的儒家思想同样长寿,当然道家思想中也同样存在着后人的接力作用。

单项选择题