问题 填空题

某同学设计如图装置,研究非金属元素性质变化规律.

(1)已知硅酸(H2SiO3)是一种难溶于水的弱酸,呈白色。在化学反应中,一般地,强酸能制弱酸,如NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2↑+H2O,得出:HCl酸性强于H2CO3的酸性。现有硝酸溶液、碳酸钙、澄清石灰水、硅酸钠溶液,选择试剂用如图装置证明:酸性:HNO3>H2CO3>H2SiO3

A中装试剂________,B中装试剂____________,C中装试剂____________。C中实验现象为____________;写出C中发生反应的离子方程式_____________________________。

(2)已知高锰酸钾在常温下与浓盐酸反应产生氯气,利用如图装置证明氯气氧化性强于碘单质的氧化性。则A中装浓盐酸,B中装入高锰酸钾粉末,C中装试剂________,C中现象________,写出离子方程式__________________。该实验装置有明显不足,请指出改进方法:_______________________________________。

(3)如果C中装饱和的氢硫酸溶液,A中装浓盐酸,B中装高锰酸钾溶液,反应开始后观察到现象是C中产生淡黄色沉淀,写出化学方程式______________________________;证明氯的非金属性比硫的非金属性________(填“强”或“弱”或“无法判断”)。

答案

(1)硝酸溶液   碳酸钙   硅酸钠溶液   产生白色沉淀   CO2+SiO32+H2O=H2SiO3↓+CO32

(2)淀粉-KI溶液   溶液变蓝色   2I+Cl2=I2+2Cl  增加装有氢氧化钠溶液的尾气吸收装置

(3)Cl2+H2S= S↓+2HCl   强

题目分析:(1)利用强酸制备弱酸,可以根据所给试剂选择,硝酸和碳酸钙反应制备CO2,CO2通入硅酸钠溶液制备硅酸,产生白色沉淀;(2)利用氧化性强的制氧化性弱的,氯气和KI反应置换出碘单质,利用碘遇淀粉变蓝现象明显,选择淀粉碘化钾,氯气有毒,要注意尾气处理,以免污染环境。(3)氯气置换出硫,说明氯气氧化性强于硫,Cl2+H2S= S↓+2HCl。

完形填空

Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate. But do you know that the Hershey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old? And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before he started his famous company?

Milton Hershey grew up in Pennsylvania. Before he became interested in making chocolate, he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first, and then decided that printing was not the right job for him.

Then he worked at a candy factory in Lancaster. After working a few years there, he decided to open his own little candy business near Philadelphia. His first business failed because it was not making money. After that, he went to Denver to learn how to make caramels(焦糖). He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies on the street. But his second business also failed.

Finally, Milton Hershey moved back to Pennsylvania where he grew up. He then experimented with all sorts of different candies and chocolate. By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy each year. Since his chocolate-flavored(巧克力味的) caramels were the best selling, he decided to make chocolate himself.

By experimenting, Milton Hershey discovered how to make delicious chocolate. The area where he lived had a large and easy supply of milk and sugar, which helped him succeed in his chocolate business. In 1903, Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and a town to go with it.

Today, the town of Hershey is still the home if the factory that Milton Hershey built. And if you ever visit, you can smell delicious chocolate smells just bu driving through the town.

The factory is not so hard to find, Just travel down Cocoa Avenue until you get to East Chocolate Avenue. Turn right at the traffic lights and just follow your nose.

小题1:Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate?

小题2:Where did he grow up?

小题3:Why did he go to Denver?

小题4:Why did he decide to make chocolate himself?

小题5:What might be the reasons for Hershey’s success in his chocolate business?

单项选择题