问题 综合题

材料一 芝加哥学派的经济学家强调自由市场的重要性,认为政府对经济干预越少越好。20世纪80年代,他们的主张被英美等国用以改造二战后的资本主义。英美等国政府通过私有化不断从经济领域撤出,但政府在经济领域中的作用依然重要,其首要责任从财富分配和保障平等转变为激励个人的独创精神及财富创造,同时又采取措施以弥补新政策的缺陷。——耶金等《制高点》

材料二 2010年6月,德国柏林和斯图加特多达3万名示威者响应在野党、工会和社会组织的号召走上街头,要求政府撤回削减社会福利开支的计划。

材料三

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,指出20世纪80年代西方国家是如何再一次调整发展模式的?根据材料一,概括其调整的主要原因。(4分)

(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,分析德国计划削减社会福利开支的背景。(2分)

(3)根据材料三反映了什么现象? 综合以上材料,你对实施社会福利政策如何认识。(4分)

答案

(1)调整:国家干预与市场调节相结合,适度减少国家垄断资本主义。

原因:芝加哥学派的主张逐渐被英美等国采用;社会福利制度的完善使个人独创精神减弱,财富创造意识削弱。

(2)背景:国家财政不堪重负;受金融危机影响,经济发展趋缓;全球化造成资本外流,税源减少;老年人的比例加大;欧洲一体化的挑战等。

(3)现象:我国养老保险事业持续发展;社会保障制度不断完善。

认识:社会福利政策是一个国家文明与进步的重要标志;生产力的发展是实施社会福利政策的前提;实施社会福利政策有利于改善民生、稳定社会。要调动全社会的福利意识,拓宽资金渠道,适度减轻政府财政负担;实行社会福利政策应与促进社会发展相结合。

本题涉及战后资本主义的新变化及福利制度,具有较强的时代感。第(1)问,从材料中获取信息:“政府对经济干预越少越好”,“被英美等国用以……”,由此概括20世纪80年代西方国家发展模式的调整,结合“激励个人的独创精神”等概括原因。第(2)问,是内涵和外延结合式问题,要根据材料说明社会福利制度遇到了很多的问题,原因应从多角度分析;第(3)问,第一问是内涵式问题,先依据材料信息,说明我国福利制度的特点;然后,依据自己的认识,谈谈福利制度,言之有理即可。

阅读理解

阅读下面的短文,根据文章后所给的题目进行简答.

    These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also

refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.

    Green building means "reducing the impact(影响)of the building on the land", Taryn Holowka of

the U.S. Green Building Council in Washington, D. C., said.

    According to Holoeka, building account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use.

    Bur green building can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public

transportation such as buses and subways, ______________________________________.That

could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings

are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don't destroy forest.

   Marty Dettling is project manger for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been

called the country's first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, "We've reduced our energy use

by one-third and our water by 50 percent."

   The Solaire cuts energy in past by using solar power. "On the face of the building we have solar

panels which change the sun's energy into electricity, " Dettling explained.

   The Solaria also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the

building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts

water reusing it.

   Nor everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like

solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowka said, "It's going

to be big.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)

______________________________________________________________________________.

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

Green buildings will become popular in the future.

______________________________________________________________________________.

3. Please fill in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)

______________________________________________________________________________.

4. Do you think a green building is better than a common building? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)

_____________________________________________________________________________.

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese.

_____________________________________________________________________________.

填空题