问题 实验题

为比较Fe3+和Cu2+对H2O2分解的催化效果,某化学研究小组的同学分别设计了如图甲、乙所示的实验。请回答相关问题

(1)定性分析:如图甲可通过观察_____________,定性比较得出结论。有同学提出将

FeCl3改为Fe2(SO4)3更为合理,其理由是_____________________,

(2)定量分析:如图乙所示,实验时均以生成40mL气体为准,其它可能影响实验的因素均已忽略。图中仪器A的名称为__________,检查该装置气密性的方法是_____________,实验中需要测量的数据是______________。

(3)加入0.10 mol MnO2粉末于50 mL H2O2溶液中,在标准状况下放出气体的体积和时间的关系如图所示。

①写出H2O2在二氧化锰作用下发生反应的化学方程式______________________。

②实验时放出气体的总体积是___________mL。

③放出 气体所需时间为__________min。

④反应放出 气体所需时间约为__________min。

⑤A、B、C、D各点反应速率快慢的顺序为_____>____>____>____。

⑥解释反应速率变化的原因__________。

⑦计算H2O2的初始物质的量浓度_____________。 (请保留两位有效数字)

答案

(1)产生气泡的快慢;消除阴离子不同对实验的干扰

(2)分液漏斗;关闭分液漏斗的活塞,将注射器活塞向外拉出一段,过一会后看其是否回到原位;产生40mL气体所需的时间

(3)①2H2O22H2O + O2↑;②60 mL; ③1 min;④2.5  min; ⑤D>C>B>A; ⑥随着反应的进行,浓度减小,反应速率减慢;⑦ 0.11 mol·L-1

阅读理解

What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?

Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers (制造商) to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream—as well as for developing over 75 flavors (口味).

Some people think that it would be easy to do this job; after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No—there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this “cool” field.

In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains: “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir (搅拌) it, creating ice-cream soup.”

While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,” he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Dose the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!

Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy---working at one cool job.

小题1: What is John Harrison’s job?

A.An official.

B.An ice-cream taster.

C.A chemist.

D.An ice-cream manufacturer.小题2:According to John Harrison, to be qualified(合格的) in the “cool field”, it is helpful to ________.

A.keep a diary of work

B.have a degree in related subjects

C.have new ideas every day

D.find out new flavor each day小题3: What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?

A.He stirs the ice cream.

B.He examines the color of the ice cream.

C.He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.

D.He lets the ice cream warm up.小题4:Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?

A.Tasting with Eyes

B.Flavors of Ice Cream

C.John Harrison’s Life

D.One Cool Job

单项选择题