问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成小题。(12分)

张雄飞,字鹏举,琅琊临沂人。至元二年,廉希宪荐之于世祖,召见,陈当世之务,世祖大说。授同知平阳路转运司事,搜抉蠹弊,悉除之。帝问处士罗英,谁可大用者,对曰:“张雄飞真公辅器。”帝然之,命驿召雄飞至。

十六年,拜御史中丞,行御史台事。阿合马以子忽辛为中书右丞,行省江淮,恐不为所容,改陕西汉中道提刑按察使。未行,阿合马死,朝臣皆以罪去。拜参知政事。阿合马用事日久,卖官鬻狱,纪纲大坏,雄飞乃先自降一阶,于是侥幸超躐者皆降之。忽辛有罪,敕中贵人及中书杂问,忽辛历指宰执曰:“汝曾使我家钱物,何得问我!”雄飞曰:“我曾受汝家钱物否?”曰:“惟公独否。”雄飞曰:“如是,则我当问汝矣。”忽辛遂伏辜。二十一年春,上与朝臣议大赦天下,雄飞谏曰:“古人言:无赦之国,其刑必平。故赦者,不平之政也。圣明在上,岂宜数赦!”帝嘉纳之,语雄飞曰:“大猎而后见善射,集议而后知能言,汝所言者是。朕今从汝。”遂降轻刑之诏。

雄飞刚直廉慎,始终不易其节。尝坐省中,诏趣召之,见于便殿,谓雄飞曰:“若卿可谓真廉者矣。闻卿贫甚,今特赐卿银二千五百两、钞二千五百贯。”雄飞拜谢,将出,又诏加赐金五十两及金酒器。雄飞受赐,封识藏于家。后阿合马之党以雄飞罢政,诣省乞追夺赐物,裕宗在东宫闻之,命参政温迪罕谕丞相安童曰:“上所以赐张雄飞者,旌其廉也,毋为小人所诈。”塔即古阿散请检核前省钱谷,复用阿合马之党,竟矫诏追夺之。塔即古阿散等俄以罪诛,帝虑校核失当,命近臣伯颜阅之。中书左丞耶律老哥劝雄飞诣伯颜自辨,雄飞曰:“上以老臣廉,故赐臣,然臣未尝敢轻用,而封识以俟者,正虞今日耳,又可自辨乎?

二十一年,卢世荣以言利进用,雄飞与诸执政同日皆罢二十三年起为燕南河北道宣慰使决壅滞黜 * * 贪政化大行卒于官。

【注】壅:堵塞                         

(选自《元史·张雄飞传》,有删节)

小题1:对下列句子中加点词语的解释,不正确的一项是( )

A.阿合马用事日久,卖官鬻狱。用事:掌权

B.忽辛遂伏。辜:罪

C.诏召之趣: 乐意

D.雄飞受赐,封藏于家。识:作标记小题2:下列句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( )

A.雄飞先自降一阶问今是何世,不知有汉

B.汝曾使我家钱物,得问我可胜道也哉

C.臣未尝敢轻用则何时而乐耶

D.卢世荣言利进用御六气之辩,游无穷者小题3:下列对原文有关内容的理解,不正确的一项是( )

A.张雄飞受廉希宪推荐,世祖召见他,他陈述了当时国家要做的最重要的事情,世祖很高兴,授予他同知平阳路转运司的职务。

B.阿合马让自己的儿子忽辛担任中书右丞,巡视管理江淮一带的事务,阿合马担心儿子不被张雄飞容纳,就让儿子改任陕西汉中道提刑按察使。

C.忽辛犯罪,世祖下令中贵人和中书省官员一起审问,忽辛说审问的官员都曾经收受过忽辛家的钱物,只有张雄飞没有收过。

D.塔即古阿散等人因犯罪被杀后,皇帝考虑到阿合马的余党检查核实有误,命令温迪罕和丞相安童复查。张雄飞没有听从耶律老哥的建议自辨。小题4:给文言文阅读材料中的语段断句正确的一项是( )

A.雄飞与诸执政同日/皆罢二十三年/起为燕南河北道宣慰使/决壅滞黜/ * * 贪政化/大行卒于官。

B.雄飞与诸执政同日皆罢/二十三年起/为燕南河北道宣慰/使决壅滞/黜 * * 贪政/化大行/卒于官。

C.雄飞与诸执政同日/皆罢二十三年/起为燕南河北道宣慰/使决壅滞/黜 * * 贪政/化大行/卒于官。

D.雄飞与诸执政同日皆罢/二十三年/起为燕南河北道宣慰使/决壅滞/黜 * * 贪/政化大行/卒于官。小题5:翻译下面的句子。(8分)

(1)上所以赐张雄飞者,旌其廉也,毋为小人所诈。(4分)

译文:                                                                       

(2)然臣未尝敢轻用,而封识以俟者,正虞今日耳,又可自辨乎?(4分)

译文:                                                

答案

小题1:C

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题4:D

小题5:①皇帝赏赐张雄飞的原因,是要表彰他的廉洁,不要受小人欺骗。(“所以”、“旌”、“为……所”表被动各1分)

②但是,我没敢随便使用这些东西并封存做好标记来等待的原因,正是料到有今天,又何必自己去说呢?

小题1:

题目分析:此类题目一定要在答题时把实词放回到原文中进行结合具体语境和上下文来理解。“趣”,急速。

小题2:

题目分析:此类题目要注意“意义和用法”必须都相同,分析思考文言虚词的意义和用法,要根据所在句子的前后词语的词性来判断。B均为副词,怎么。A项均为为副词,前者“就”;后者为“竟然”。C项前者为连词,“但”;后者为代词,“这样”。D项前为介词“因、凭”;后为连词,表目的,相当于“来”。

小题3:

题目分析:此类题目要在整体把握文章大意的基础上进行分析思考,结合文章具体的上下文来判断。D复查的人是伯颜,不是温迪罕和丞相安童。

小题4:

题目分析:此类断句题目在断句时一定要遵守一个原则,不能段破句子的意思。所以,一定要在结合上下文、结合具体语境以及这个句子的意思来思考断句,尤其是要抓住关键词(介词、语气助词、连词等等)。

小题5:

题目分析:此类题目在翻译时首先要找出关键字或句式进行翻译,一般为直译,除一些带有比喻性的词语然后再整体翻译,并按现代汉语的规范,达到词达句顺。

译文:张雄飞,字鹏举,琅琊临沂人。至元二年,廉希宪向世祖推荐他,世祖召见他,他陈述当前最重要的事情,世祖很高兴。授予他同知平阳路转运司的职务,他调查揭发各种弊端,全部清除它们。帝问处士罗英,谁是可重用的人,罗英回答说:“张雄飞真正才是能辅助您的人才。”帝认为罗英的话是对的,令驿吏接雄飞来。

十六年,任命张雄飞为御史中丞,管理御史台的事务。阿合马让自己的儿子忽辛担任中书右丞,巡视检查江淮一带的事务,担心不被张雄飞所容纳,改任陕西汉中道提刑按察使。还没去,阿合马死了,朝中大臣都因犯罪离职。世祖任命张雄飞担任参知政事。阿合马专权的时间很久,他卖官枉法,朝中秩序很乱,张雄飞就首先自降官阶一级,于是那些侥幸不按规定提拔的人都降级。忽辛犯罪,世祖下令中贵人和中书省一起审问,忽辛一个个地指着审问的官员说:“你曾经收受了我家的钱物,怎么能审问我!”张雄飞说:“我曾接受过你家的钱物没有?”忽辛说:“只有你一个人没有。”张雄飞说:“既然这样,那么我可以审问你了。”忽辛于是认罪。二十一年春,世祖和大臣们讨论要大赦天下,张雄飞规劝说:“古人说:没有赦免罪犯的国家,它的刑法一定是公平的。所以赦免的行为,是不公平的政策啊。圣明的君主执政,怎么能多次赦免犯人!”世祖赞赏他并采纳了他的意见,告诉雄飞说:“多次打猎之后才能发现善于射箭的人,集中各种想法(意见)之后才能听到好的意见,你的话是正确的。我现在听从你的建议。”于是下发只给犯罪的人减轻刑法的诏书。

张雄飞为官刚直廉洁谨慎,始终不改他的节操。曾经在中书省办理公务时,世祖派使者急速叫他,在便殿见他,对张雄飞说:“像你这样的人应该可以说是真正廉洁的人了。听说你非常贫困,现在我特意赏你白银二千五百两、钱二千五百贯。”张雄飞拜谢,即将出去时,世祖又下令再赏赐黄金五十两和金酒器。张雄飞接受了世祖的赏赐,封存做上记号,收藏在家中。后来,阿合马的同党因张雄飞被停职,到中书省请求追回世祖赏赐给他的财物,裕宗在东宫听说这件事,命令参政温迪罕告诉丞相安童说:“皇帝赏赐张雄飞的原因,是要表彰他的廉洁,不要受小人欺骗。”塔即古阿散请求检查核实张雄飞过去在中书省任上的财务,重新起用阿合马的余党,最终假借皇帝的命令追查并没收皇帝赏赐给他的财物。塔即古阿散等人不久因犯罪被杀,世祖考虑到阿合马的余党检查核实可能有误,命令亲近的大臣伯颜复查。中书省左丞耶律老哥劝张雄飞到伯颜那里为自己讲明情况,张雄飞说:“皇帝因为我廉洁,所以才赏赐我,但是,我没敢随便使用这些东西并封存做好标记来等待的原因,正是料到有今天,又何必自己去说呢?”

二十一年,卢世荣因善于阿谀被重用,张雄飞和许多官员同时被罢免。二十三年,起用担任燕南河北道宣慰使,判决疑案,清除 * * 恶贪婪之人,清廉的风俗盛行。死在官任上。

多项选择题
阅读理解

Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.  And indeed,  cutting fat  to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates(碳水化合物) have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies. 

But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce.  

Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt(酵母乳)that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”

小题1:What lessons did the computer programme learn ?

A.Overeating will cause weight gain

B.He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day

C.He can’t didn’t eat any fat

D.His coach gave him a lecture小题2:Prof. Barbara’s ecperiement proved that _______________.

A.two groups ate the same amount of calories

B.two groups ate the same wmount of yogurt

C.the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group

D.people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group小题3:According to the author ,________has less calories.

A.fat

B.protein and carbohydrates

C.low-fat soups

D.sugar小题4: What can you infer from the text ?

A.To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nofat food

B.The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates

C.People should avoid temptation

D.Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food