问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面的题目。

①臣闻朋党之说,自古有之,幸人君辨其君子小人而已。大凡君子与君子以同道为朋,小人与小人以同利为朋,此自然之理也。

②然臣谓小人无朋,惟君子则有。其故何哉?小人所好者,禄利也;所贪者,财货也。当其同利之时,暂相党引以为朋者,伪也。及其见利而争先,或利尽而交疏,则反相贼害,虽其兄弟亲戚不能相保。故臣谓小人无朋,其暂为朋者,伪也。君子则不然,所守者道义,所行者忠信,所者名节。以之修身,同道而相益,以之事国,则同心而共济,始终如一,此君子之朋也。故人君者,但当退小人之伪朋,用君子之真朋,天下治矣。

③尧之时,小人共工、驩兜等四人为一朋,君子八元、八恺十六人为一朋。舜佐尧,退四凶小人之朋,而进元、恺君子之朋,尧之天下大治。及舜自为天子,而皋、夔、稷、契等二十二人并列于朝,更相称美,更相推让,凡二十二人为一朋,而舜皆用之,天下亦大治。《书》曰:“纣有臣亿万,惟亿万心;周有臣三千,惟一心。”纣之时,亿万人各异心,可谓不为朋矣,然纣以亡国。周武王之臣,三千人一大朋,而周用以兴。后汉献帝时,尽取天下名士囚禁之,目为党人。及黄巾贼起,汉室大乱,后方悔悟,尽解党人而释,然已无救矣。唐之晚年,渐起朋党之论。及昭宗时,尽杀朝之名士,或投黄河,曰:“此辈清流,可投浊流。”而唐遂亡矣。

④夫前世之主,能使人人异心不为朋,莫如纣;能禁绝善人为朋,莫如汉献帝;能诛戮清流之朋,莫如唐昭宗之世;然皆乱亡其国。更相称美推让而不自疑,莫如舜之二十二臣,舜亦不疑皆用之;然而后世不诮舜为二十二人朋党所欺,而称舜为聪明之圣者,以能辨君子与小人也。周武之世,举其国之臣三千人共为朋,自古为朋之多且大莫如周;然周用此以兴者,善人虽多而不厌也。

⑤嗟乎!兴亡治乱之迹,为人君者,可以矣。

(取材于欧阳修《朋党论》)

小题1:下列语句中,加点词的解释不正确的一项是(3分)

A.幸人君辨其君子小人而已惟:只有

B.所者名节惜:爱惜

C.退四凶小人之朋退:黜退

D.可以矣鉴:借鉴小题2:下列各组语句中,加点的词意义和用法都相同的一组是(3分)

惟君子则有                     同道而相益

A.

B.

或投黄河天下治矣

人君者唐遂亡矣

C.

D.三千人一大朋                   舜亦不疑皆用之

小题3:下列语句的括号中是补出的词语,补出后不符合文意的一项是(3分)

A.(其)所贪者,财货也。

B.(故)天下亦大治。

C.(昭宗)曰:“此辈清流,可投浊流。”

D.以(此)能辨君子与小人也小题4:下列的理解和分析,不符合文意的一项是(3分)

A.作者认为朋党现象自古就有,是随着社会发展自然而然产生的。

B.作者认为共同的物质利益或精神追求可以把人们联系在一起。

C.作者认为能够正确地对待不同的利益集团,是国家强盛的关键。

D.作者认为君主一定要认真对待谁是君子谁是小人这个问题。小题5:请简要分析在第③段中作者是怎样论证自己的观点的。(4分)

小题6:按照儒家的传统观念,“君子群而不党”(《论语·卫灵公》),意思是君子团结别人但是不结党营私。这不仅是朝政清明的标志,也成了衡量人际关系的尺度。而欧阳修则认为应该对朋党加以区别对待。请你联系现实,谈谈自己的看法。不少于150字。(12分)

答案

小题1:A       

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题4:A

小题5:答案示例:作者运用事例从正、反两个方面证明自己的论点,还引用古代典籍的话证明自己的论点。

小题6:略

小题1:

题目分析:“惟”有只是、只有、只之意,在这里最准确的应是“只是”,因为上文说“朋党之说,自古以来就有之”只是希望君王能辨别出君子和小人,做这种题型可用代入法试试,选取最通顺的。

小题2:

题目分析:A中都为代词,但是意义不一样,前者代事,后这代人,B都是连词,译为“那么”,C分别是作为\成为,D都是连词,分别表顺承\递进。

小题3:

题目分析:D上文说称赞舜为聪明之君,因为他能辨别君子与小人,“以”后面省略的是人不是事 ,所以应省略的是代人的“其”而不是代事的“此”。A中上文说的是“小人”用“其”代替可以,B上文说的是原因,本句总结,所以用“故”代替可以,C前文讲的是昭宗做的事,并且也是他说的,正确。

小题4:

题目分析:原文中说关于朋党的议论自古就有,而不是说的现象,并且“是随着社会发展自然而然产生的”无根据,所以A错。

小题5:

题目分析:第三段讲的是尧舜任用君子使得天下大治,而纣、汉献帝、昭宗任用小人亡国,通过正反事例来证明自己的论点。同时还引用《尚书》里面的话来论证。

小题6:

题目分析:结党正确与否关键看看目的是什么,团结起来为公事,为国家是好事,要是营私就不可以了。要具体问题具体分析。注意联系一下当今的实际情况。

阅读理解

Lynn is the publisher of Indiana Living Green magazine, a local Indiana-based publication focusing on all issues related to leading a sustainable lifestyle. Her knowledge, passion and unwavering dedication to this cause are both inspiring and admirable and are the reasons I nominate her for the Heart of Green Local Hero.

Lynn's interest in sustainable living has expanded over the years from simple recycling and wildlife gardening to encouraging others to appreciate nature and do what each can to protect the environment. The creation of Indiana Living Green comes from her belief that most individuals have an inner desire to do what is best for our environment and that each individual act truly does make a difference.

Lynn has been instrumental in bringing her green consciousness to Indiana by way of Indiana Living Green magazine over the past two years. Indiana Living Green is the only local publication solely focused on green living and sustainability. In addition, Lynn’s pioneering efforts also provide public educational forums via "Green Scenes" — a series of three hour events, each focusing on specific topics teaching Hoosiers how to lead greener lifestyles. She is a sought-after speaker, delivering topics such as "Greening Your Outdoor Space," "Updating Your Home to Green" and "Greening Your Lifestyle" to various businesses and organizations throughout Central Indiana. In addition, Lynn has appeared regularly on Indianapolis Fox 59 morning show’s "Living Green" segment, discussing various topics of interest ranging from grilling green and green baby buys to composting and recycling.

In addition to her role as publisher of Indiana Living Green magazine, Lynn is also a Habitat Steward Host for National Wildlife Federation, editor of Hoosier Organic Gardener, the newsletter of the Indiana Organic Gardeners Association, and a member of Garden Writers Association.

Lynn Jenkins deserves to be publicly recognized for all that she is and all that she has done and continues to do to educate and empower each of us to improve our individual lives, communities and our Earth.

小题1:Which of the following is NOT true of Lynn Jenkins?

A.She is the publisher of the magazine Indiana Living Green.

B.She is a member of Garden Writers Association.

C.She won the award the Heart of Green Local Hero.

D.She encourages people to love and protect nature.小题2: Indiana Living Green was probably _________.

A.a book on modern life style

B.a magazine on fashion

C.a journal on travel

D.a magazine on green living小题3: What can we learn about “Green Scenes”?

A.It is a scene set in a three-hour film.

B.It is a series of events focusing on green life.

C.It is a film set in Central Indiana.

D.It is a forum focusing on green lifestyle.小题4: The underlined word in the third paragraph probably means ________.

A.simply

B.mainly

C.earnestly

D.seriously小题5: What is the purpose of the writing?

A.To call on readers to protect the environment and live green.

B.To nominate Lynn Jenkins for the Heart of Green Local Hero.

C.To introduce the readers to the Heart of Green Local Hero.

D.To advertise for Indiana Living Green and its publisher.

单项选择题