问题 阅读理解

One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wage. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig(钻油机) in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.

Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling secondhand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used car salesman earns more than the nurse, and that research chemist earns more than the school teacher.

Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic(精神的) wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony(单调) of his work. It is significant that that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as “vocations” --- nursing, teaching and the Church, for example --- continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.

Although the amount of money that people earn is in reality largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point for such an investigation would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicate by two factors: firstly by the “social wage”, i.e, the welfare benefits which every citizen receives; and secondly, by the taxation system, which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Allowing for these two things, most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigration(移民) (the so-called “brain-drain” is an evidence that this can happen). If it is more, the gap between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead social tensions and ultimately to violence.

74. The professional man, such as the doctor, should be well paid because ______.

A. he has spent several years learning how to do his job

B. his work involves much great intelligence than, say, a bus conductor’s

C. he has to work much harder than most other people

D. he knows more than other people about his subject

75. The “brain-drain” is an evidence that ______.

A. well-educated people are prepared to emigrate whenever they can get a better paid job

B. people with jobs or responsibility expect to be highly paid

C. high taxation is a useful and effective instrument of social justice

D. the poor are generally more patriotic(爱国的) than the rich

76. As far as rewarding people for their work is concerned, the writer, believes that ______.

A. we should pay for socially-useful work, regardless of the person’s talent

B. we should pay people according to their talents

C. market forces will determine how much a person is paid

D. qualified people should be the highest paid

77. The argument of the “psychic wage” is used to explain why ______.

A. people who do socially important work are not always well paid

B. people who do monotonous jobs are highly paid

C. you should not try to compare the pay of different professions

D. some professional people are paid more than others

答案

小题1:A

小题2:B

小题3:C

小题4:A

         

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

北京市2008年年末全市常住人口1695万人,比上年末增加62万人。其中,城镇人口1439.1万人,占常住人口的84.9%。户籍人口1229.9万人,增加16.6万人;外来人口465.1万人,增加45.4万人,占常住人口的比重为27.4%。全市常住人口出生率8.17%,死亡率4.75%,自然增长率3.42%。

全年城镇居民人均可支配收入达到24725元,比上年增长12.4%;扣除价格因素后,实际增长7%,增幅比上年下降4.2个百分点。农村居民人均纯收入1074.7元,比上年增长12.4%;扣除价格因素后,实际增长6.5%,增幅比上年下降1.7个百分点。城镇、农村居民消费恩格尔系数分别为33.8%和34.3%,比上年上升1.6个和2.2个百分点。

年末全市参加基本养老、基本医疗、失业、工伤保险人数分别为758.1万人、871万人、614.3万人和666.5万人,比上年末净增86.4万人、88万人、79万人和57.3万人。全市参加农村社会养老保险的人数为127.5万人,比上年末净增78.4万人,覆盖率为85%,高于上年48.4个百分点;参加农村新型合作医疗的人数达到272.5万人,净增4万人,参合率为92.9%,高于上年4个百分点。社会保障相关待遇标准有所提高。全市享受城市最低生活保障的居民为14.5万人,享受农村最低生活保障的农民为7.9万人。

年末全市各类收养性社会福利单位357家,床位4.4万张,收养各类人员2.5万人。城镇建立各种社区服务设施2192个,其中社区服务中心169个。

2007年年末,北京市外来人口占常住人口的比重为()。

A.24.3%

B.25.7%

C.26.3%

D.26.4%