问题 问答题 简答题

洪仁轩所主张的法制中有哪些资本主义因素?

答案

参考答案:

太平天国后期主要领导人洪仁轩,由于对西方自然科学与社会科学有比较深刻的研究,因而在立法中主张效法西方先进的法制,全面革除封建法制,其立法原则中明显地打上了资本主义的烙印,带有民主和科学的因素。洪仁轩认为,立法是治国之本,“国家以法制为先”。他提倡效法“邦法宏深”的西方及一跃而为“北方冠冕之邦”的日本与俄国,立善法以富国强兵,扭转危局。他在《资政新篇》中提出了二十八条改变措施,集中体现了洪仁轩立法原则中的资本主义因素。

(1)政治方面。洪仁轩主张“权归于一”,加强中央集权的统一地位,王、侯不得各自为政,又主张给地方以相应的自治权,加强地方管理。同时给民众一定的议政、参政和施政和的权力。这实际上是要求改革传统的封建专制制度,将中央集权、地方自治与民众议政结合起来,形成“上下情通”的 * * 机构。他具体建议道:设乡官乡兵及钱粮税务所以发挥地方自治作用,设新闻馆,给民众议政的途径,对国家公职人员实行考核,以提高工作效率。

(2)经济方面。洪仁轩主张发展交通事业,兴办铁路、公路及邮政,鼓励兴办金融事业。开设银行,发行纸币,兴办保障。他还主张以保障专利为手段,鼓励科技发明,若仿造别人创作之物,则“罪而罚之”。《资政新篇》允许个人开厂采矿,将太平天国前期的“公有制”变为“私有制”,是符合历史发展进程的。这些措施也有力地否定了传统的“重农抑商”思想。

(3)文化教化、社会福利方面。洪仁轩严厉禁止买卖人口、溺婴、蓄养奴婢、卖淫、缠足、建庙宇寺观、吃鸦片、斗鸡等封建陋习。他鼓励社会现代文明事业的发展,对设学校、办报纸、开办医院、办慈善事业给予奖励。这一切均有利于社会生产力的解放,有利于资本主义的发展。

(4)对外关系方面。洪仁轩主张国与国之间平等往来,自由通商。他反对外国干涉中国内政,反对毒害中国人民的鸦片贸易,但对为天国献策、有技艺的外国人则持欢迎态度,洪仁轩的对外政策,反映了其开放的一面,但不能否认也有对外国传教士抱有幻想的一面。总之,洪仁轩“革故鼎新”以立法原则,确实包含了变封建主义为资本主义的内容。

阅读理解


Some students who are from all around the world are talking about the way they go to school on School Bus Bar at http://tieba.baidu.com/.
In our country, most of the students go to school by school bus. For me, I go to school by school bus every day. It takes me about 30 minutes to get to school, because my home is far from the school. The school bus is not only beautiful but wide and strong. It makes me feel safe when I am in school bus.
Mary Smith from America
I think riding is one of the best ways to go to school because my school isn’t very far from my home. It takes me about 15 minutes. I like riding a bike and I think it’s good for my health. But nowadays, the number of the cars is becoming larger and larger and the crowded traffic will certainly bring about the risk of safety. So my parents hope that I can take the school bus to school.
Li Ping from Wenzhou
I went to school by bus one month ago, but now I walk to school with my parents or my classmates. It’s because the school bus accident. In the accident, lots of students died. I have to get up one hour earlier than before. I spend one and a half hours getting to school. And now it’s very cold outside. I hope to have a school bus.
Bing Bing from Jiangsu
小题1:Mary Smith’s school bus isn’t ______.
A.safeB.beautifulC.strongD.dangerous
小题2:Why does Li Ping go to school by bike?
A.Because she likes riding.
B.Because the crowded traffic.
C.Because her school is far.
D.Because there is no school bus.
小题3:How long does Bing Bing spend on the way to school?
A.30 minutesB.15 minutes
C.one hourD.one and a half hours
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