问题 问答题

如何避免和治理泥石流呢?

(1)小明回忆了以前对摩擦力的探究:用弹簧测力计沿水平方向拉着一个木块,在不同的平面上做匀速直线运动,得到表一的实验记录;如果都在木块上运动,通过在木块上加减砝码来改变对水平面的压力,得到表二的实验记录.

表一:

表面毛巾棉布木板
弹簧测力计示数/N4.02.51.5
表二:

压力/N51015
弹簧测力计示数/N1.53.04.5
由此可知,滑动摩擦力的大小与______及______有关.

(2)在实际情况中,斜坡所受的压力由石头的重力和山坡的倾角决定,无法改变,因此,只能通过改变山坡表面粗糙程度--在山坡上多植树、保护植被来改变摩擦阻力.请你运用物理研究中的模型法,设计一个模拟实验来验证.

①实验器材:木板斜面(代替山坡)、数十枚玻璃棋子(代替石头)、数十枚铁钉(代替树木)、水、水管或喷壶(代替洪水或暴雨).

②实验过程:

a、先将棋子直接摆放在木板斜面上,然后沿斜面自上而下冲水,发现棋子很容易被冲下斜面;

b、______.

答案

(1)根据表一、表二的数据可知,测力计的示数在不断地发生变化,即物体受到的摩擦力在不断变化.

由题意知,表一的数据是在以下情况下得出的:由于是拉着同一个木块,压力一定,但在不同的接触面上运动,摩擦力的变化是由于接触面得粗糙程度的变化引起的;由表二可以确定,摩擦力的变化是由于压力的变化而引起的.由此可得结论:摩擦力的大小于接触面的粗糙程度和压力的大小有关.

(2)实验中利用铁钉来代替树木,棋子来代替石头,木板斜面代替山坡.在实验的第一步,已经观察了斜面上没有铁钉时,在水的冲击下棋子的滑落情况,根据控制变量法的思路,下一步的操作就应该是观察有铁钉时,在水冲击下的棋子的滑落的情况.

故答案为:(1)接触面的粗糙程度;压力大小;

(2)在木板上钉上铁钉,再把棋子摆放在铁钉间的木板面上,沿斜面自上而下冲水,发现棋子不容易被冲下斜面.

完形填空
完形填空
通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
When I was about twelve years old. I had an enemy (敌人),a girl who liked to tell me about my shortcomings. She always   1 me that I was very short, and I wasn’t a good student, I talked too much, and so on. I tried to stand all of these as long as I could. Finally, I became very   2 . I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me   3 , and then asked, “Are the things that she said true or not? Jane, have you ever   4 what you’re really like? Now you have that girl’s   5 . Go and make a list of everything she said and find out if that are   6 . Pay no attention to the things that are not true.”
I did   7  he told me. To my great surprise, I found that about half of the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t    8 , like being very short, but a good number of them I could. I wanted to change the bad things in me, and for the   9  time I knew something about myself in a very clear way.
I brought the list back to my father. He   10  to take it. “That’s only just for you,” he said, “You know better than   11  else the truths about yourself, but sometimes others’ opinions are also important, so you have to learn how to  12 , and not just close your ears in anger and feel hurt. When something   13 is said about you is true, you’ll find that it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think that they know you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to all of them.
  14  hear the truth and do what you think is the right thing to do.”
I have remembered my father’s   15  at many important moments. I have never had a better piece of advice in my whole life.
小题1:
A.reminded B.saidC.shoutedD.laughed
小题2:
A.dullB.braveC.angryD.happy
小题3:
A.quietlyB.carelesslyC.casuallyD.differently
小题4:
A.came outB.dealt withC.got overD.thought about
小题5:
A.strategiesB.ideasC.photosD.books
小题6:
A.crazyB.trueC.strictD.simple
小题7:
A.asB.againstC.sinceD.for
小题8:
A.produceB.checkC.borrowD.next
小题9:
A.decidedB.likedC.wantedD.refused
小题10:
A.everythingB.anyoneC.nothingD.anything
小题11:
A.shoutB.teachC.listenD.read
小题12:
A.thatB.whyC.whereD.who
小题13:
A.soB.orC.forD.but
小题14:
A.featuresB.excuseC.adviceD.promises
不定项选择