问题 问答题 论述题

简述道家法律思想的主要内容。

答案

参考答案:

(1)道法自然的自然说,道家认为“道是万物之宗”“可以为天下母,它先天地生,未有天地之前,它自古以自存,神,鬼神帝,生天生地”“道”是支配一切的主宰,衍生天下之物,但它不是物质实体,而是一种绝对精神。

(2)“无为而治”论,道家认为“道是自然无为的,统治者应该处无为之事”,行不言之教,一切听任自然法制的支配,让天下自然生长,发展。

(3)废弃仁义圣智说,在道家看来,仁义,圣智,孝慈,忠臣等都是不合乎人的本性的“大道废,有仁义智慧出,有大伪,六亲不合,有孝慈,国家混乱,有忠臣”。

(4)否定人定法,道家认为“天下多忌讳而民弥贪”统治者认为的制定出法律法令是徒劳无功的,而且会贻害无穷,“法令慈彰,盗贼多有”。

(5)“君人南而之术”,所谓“南而之术”就是最高统治者驾驭臣下,统治人民的一套方案和权术,从广义方面来说,上述“无为而治”废弃仁义礼法等都是“君人南而之术”。从狭义方面来说“君人南而之术”则包括以柔克刚,“欲夺先与”,愚民政策等,道家认为“天下之至尊”驰聘天下之至坚,天下最柔弱的东西能在最坚硬的东西中穿来穿去,而“无为”的好处就在于它体现了以柔克刚的道理,道家又主张“将欲夺之,必固与之”因此道家反对统治者横征暴敛,民之饥以其土食税之多,是以饥,民之轻死,以其上求生之厚,是以轻死,在道家看来,人民之所以难于治理,是因其智慧太多,人民智慧多了,就会来造反。

单项选择题

Every newborn baby is dealt a hand of cards which helps to determine how long he or she will be allowed to play the game of life. Good cards will help those who have them to have a long and healthy existence, while bad cards will bring to those who have them terrible diseases like high blood pressure and heart disease. Occasionally, cards are dealt out that doom their holders to an early death. In the past, people never knew exactly which cards they had been dealt. They could guess at the future only by looking at the kind of health problems experienced by their parents or grandparents.

Genetic testing, which makes it possible to find dangerous genes, has changed all this. But, until recently, if you were tested positive for a bad gene you were not obliged to reveal this to anyone else except in a few extreme circumstances. This month, however, Britain became the first country in the world to allow life insurers to ask for test results.

So far, approval has been given only for a test for a fatal brain disorder known as Huntington’s disease. But ten other tests (for seven diseases) are already in use and are awaiting similar approval.

The independent body that gives approval, the Department of Health’s genetics and insurance committee, does not have to decide whether the use of genetic information in insurance is ethical. It must judge only whether the tests are reliable to insurers. In the case of Huntington’s disease the answer is clear-cut. People unlucky enough to have this gene will die early, and cost life insurers dearly.

This is only the start. Clear-cut genetic answers, where a gene is simply and directly related to a person’s risk of death, are uncommon. More usually, a group of genes is associated with the risk of developing a common disease, dependent on the presence of other genetic or environmental factors. But, as tests improve, it will become possible to predict whether or not a particular individual is at risk. In the next few years researchers will discover more and more about the functions of individual genes and what health risks — or benefits — are associated with them.

The author’s purpose in writing the passage is()

A. to indicate the way genetic testing works

B. to show the power of one’s genetic makeup

C. to introduce genetic testing and its function

D. to reveal the influence of environment on genes

单项选择题