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沈家本法律思想内容

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(1)实行资产阶级法治主义

沈家本既是清王朝中力图“变法自强”的谋臣.又是近代著名法学家。他认为,实行资产阶级的法治主义,“举全国之精神,胥贯注于法律之内”,就能使国家强盛。他论述资产阶级法治主义的内容甚多,而且还夹杂着儒家的德主刑辅思想。主要表现在:

①论法的性质和作用:沈家本认为,法律是调整人们行为的一种规范,是衡量天下万物的一种客观标准。但他在阐释法律的性质和意义时,又把它和儒家的民本思想揉和在一起。在沈家本来看,法律的作用在于治民和治国。“为政之道,首在立法以典民。”

②法随时变,“会通中外”:沈家本认为,法律应该随着古今形势的不同而为之损益,不能简单袭之。他把中国置于世界范围以内进行考察,指出“我中国介于列强之间,迫于交通之势,盖有万难守旧者。”

③法须统一、平等:沈家本针对清末制定新律之后,旧律并末废除,新旧参差,轻重互异提出断罪之律必须统一的主张;在适用法律时,也必须贯彻统一、平等的原则。此外,他还主张打破良贱界限,废除买卖奴婢的制度。

④教化为先,以刑辅之:沈家本继承了儒家的法律与教育相结合、德主刑辅的思想,并结合世界发展的潮流,阐明了法律乃道德教化之辅的思想。认为立法、司法都离不开道德教化;只有十分注重道德教化,做到情法两尽,法律才能发挥它应有的社会作用、

(2)“平恕”为审断之本。

(3)“有其法者,尤贵有其人”。

(4)法学盛衰说。

(5)对沈家本法律思想的评价。

沈家本的法律思想的主流,是民主的、科学的,是具有一定人民性的,特别是具有近代资产阶级法律与法学的进步思想性质。同时,他又是一位卓越的法制改革家,具有丰富的治法经验。他的论著,是我们研究中国法律制度和法律思想史的一份宝贵的学术遗产。在我国大力发展社会主义民主,加强社会主义法制的今天,吸取其民主的、科学的精华,将很有裨益。当然,对于其中封建纲常礼教等糟粕,必须注意剔除。

完形填空
完形填空。
     Around twenty years ago I was living in York.__2__I had a lot of experience and a
Master's degree, I could not find__1__work.
     I was__3__a school bus to make ends meet and__4__with a friend of mine, for I had
lost my flat. I had__5__five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs they
called to say I did not__6__the job. "Why has my life become so__7__?" I thought painfully.
     As I pulled the bus over to__8__a little girl, she handed me an earring__9__I should keep
it__10__somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said "BE HAPPY".
     At first I got angry. Then it__11__me - I had been giving all of my__12__to what was
going wrong with my__13__rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a
__14__of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to__15__more things to the list.
That night there was a phone call for__16__from a lady who was a director at a larger__17__.
She asked me if I would__18__a one-day lecture on stress management to 200 medical
workers. I said yes.
     My__19__there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know
that it was ecause I changed my way of __20__that I completely changed my life.
( )1.A. As
( )2.A. successful
( )3.A. driving
( )4.A. working
( )5.A. prepared for
( )6.A. lose
( )7.A. hard
( )8.A. wave at
( )9.A. ordering
( )10.A. in case
( )11.A. hurt
( )12.A. feelings
( )13.A. opinions
( )14.A. list
( )15.A. connect
( )16.A. her
( )17.A. hospital
( )18.A. listen to
( )19.A. plan
( )20.A. operation

B. Though
B. extra
B. repairing
B. travelling
B. attended
B. like
B. busy
B. drop off
B. promising
B. or else
B. hit
B. attention
B. education
B. book
B. turn
B. a passenger
B. factory
B. review
B. choice
B. speaking

C. If
C. satisfying
C. taking
C. discussing
C. asked for
C. find
C. serious
C. call on
C. saying
C. as if
C. caught
C. strength
C. experiences
C. check
C. keep
C. me
C. restaurant
C. give
C. day
C. employment

D. When
D. convenient
D. designing
D. living
D. held
D. get
D. short
D. look for
D. showing
D. now that
D. moved
D. interests
D. life
D. copy
D. add
D. my friend
D. hotel
D. talk about
D. tour
D. thinking

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