问题 填空题

香料Ⅴ的制备方法如下:

(1)化合物I的分子式为     ,Ⅳ中含氧官能团的名称是     

(2)化合物I可由经两步反应制得,写出第一步反应的化学方程式                    

(3)1mol的化合物II和Ⅲ分别与H2反应,最多消耗H2的物质的量之比为                

(4)该工艺中第①步的目的是         。为检验①中CH3I的碘原子,实验室的操作是:取少量CH3I于试管中,加入足量的NaOH水溶液,加热充分反应,冷却后加入              ,再加入少量硝酸银溶液。

(5)芳香化合物Ⅵ是Ⅲ的一种无甲基同分异构体,能发生水解反应和银镜反应,Ⅵ的结构简式为      

(6)一定条件下,化合物Ⅳ与乙二醇发生类似反应④的反应,该有机产物的结构简式为              

答案

(1)C7H8O2(2分),羟基和醛基(2分)

(2)(2分)

(3)3:4(2分)

(4)保护酚羟基,防止化合物Ⅰ氧化制醛时氧化酚羟基(2分)。加入稀硝酸(1分)至酸性(1分)。或加入足(过)量(1分)稀硝酸(1分)。

(5)(2分)

(6)或者(2分)

题目分析: (1)根据I的结构简式很容易得出其分子式为C7H8O2 ;IV中的含氧官能团是醛基和酚羟基。

(2)化合物I由制备,主要是Cl原子在碱性水溶液中被OH取代,形成醇羟基,因为酚羟基有弱酸性,所以在碱性条件下要反应生成酚纳盐,所以要得到I,还需酸化。因此制备总共经过两步反应,那么第一步的反应的化学方程式就是:

(3)化合物III比化合物II侧链多了一个-CHO,因此能多消耗H21mol,所以消耗H2的物质的量之比为3:4。

(4)工艺中反应②是氧化反应,因此第一步的目的是保护酚羟基,防止其被氧化;CH3I的I原子与C原子以共价键的形式连接,因此要检验I原子,要让CH3I在碱性条件下水解,再用硝酸酸化,后加硝酸银溶液,若出现黄色沉淀,证明含有I原子。

(5)III的同分异构体VI不含有-CH3,而能够发声水解,说明含有酯基,且能发生银镜反应,则构成的是甲酸某酯的结构(-O-CHO),因此满足条件的VI的结构简式为

(6)从反应④的产物来看,化合物IV中的醛基和2分子的乙醇分子发生反应,形成两个C-O单键,因此若把2分子的乙醇换成乙二醇,则反应会按1:1或2:2进行,乙二醇中的2个羟基均反应,所以该有机物的结构简式为

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

    Coffee has been a part of people's lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the favorite drinks

in the world. Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of

coffee. They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.

So they say a cup of coffee is necessary for them in the morning.

    Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains active? It is caffeine. Caffeine may increase a

person's mental and physical abilities (精力和体能). For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe

faster and increase body heat. All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little

dangerous.

    Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods. A little caffeine is probably not harmful.

But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless.

1. A good title for this passage is _____. [ ]

A. Coffee Is Harmful

B. Coffee and Tea

C. Caffeine and Health

D. Caffeine Is Useful

2. From this passage, we may know that drinking a cup of coffee late at night might _____.[ ]

A. give you a headache

B. make you fall asleep

C. keep you awake

D. be dangerous

3. Caffeine is found in _____. [ ]

A. tea and water

B. chocolate, meat and some other foods

C. coffee and jam

D. coffee, tea, and some other foods

4. Which of he following is NOT TRUE? [ ]

A. Coffee has been a part of people's lives for thousands of years.

B. Caffeine does no harm to our body.

C. Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body heat.

D. Caffeine may increase humans' mental and physical abilities.