问题 问答题

一辆重为5×104N的汽车在平直公路上以90km/h的速度匀速行驶,遇到的阻力为车重的0.02,每小时需汽油7kg,汽油的热值为4.6×107J/kg,求这辆汽车发动机的热机效率.(计算结果保留两位小数)

答案

已知:G=5×104N,v=90km/h=25m/s,f=0.02G,m汽油=7kg,q汽油=4.6×107J/kg,

求:η

汽油燃烧释放的能量:

Q=mq=7kg×4.6×107J/kg=3.22×108J,

∵汽车做匀速直线运动,

∴牵引力F=f=0.02G=0.02×5×104N=1000N,

牵引力做的功:

W=Pt=Fvt=1000N×25m/s×3600s=9×107J,

则η=

W
Q
×100%=
107J
3.22×108J
×100%≈27.95%.

答:这辆汽车发动机的热机效率27.95%.

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