问题 阅读理解

If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.

Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.

The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration(登记)card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.

The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.

With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”.  But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.

小题1: The underlined words in this passage means to “______”.

A.be ready to help others

B.make good use of one’s friends

C.be a little ahead of others

D.gain something at other’s expense小题2: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare.

B.In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you’re living in the hotel.

C.The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours.

D.The workers are always honest with their working hours.小题3:We can learn from the passage that ______.

A.the Finnish society is of very high moral (道德) level

B.there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland

C.in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything

D.everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves小题4:Which of the following is the best title of the passage ?

A.Life in Finland

B.A Society with “Foolish” People

C.What a Life

D.Honest accounts of the Finns

答案

小题1:D

小题1:C

小题1:A

小题1:B

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成题目。

难得淡定

(1)苏轼一首词:“莫听穿林打叶声,何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马,谁怕?一蓑烟雨任平生。料峭春风吹酒醒,微冷,山头斜照却相迎。回首向来潇洒处,归去,也无风雨也无晴。”读来读去,我读出了两个字:淡定。淡定,是近年来颇时髦的一个词,但作为一种情怀和境界,却是古已有之。

(2)东坡对自己的淡定是很有自信的,一生坎坷,几经浮沉,就是靠淡定情怀才没有被打垮,而且活得很潇洒。不过,还有比他更淡定的。一天,东坡坐禅,茅塞顿开,悟出“八风吹不动“一语,非常满意。忙遣书童把字送到江对岸的老和尚佛印那里指正。佛印看后,在下面写了一个“屁”字。苏轼不由恼火,过江来评理。佛印一笑,又添几字,成了“一屁过江来“。看来,苏轼在淡定上比佛印还差了一大截。

(3)淡定,是指面对危险和被动局面能做到“泰山崩于前而色不变,麋鹿兴于左而目不瞬”的镇定态度。昔日,诸葛亮面对司马懿大军压境,镇定自若,方寸不乱,别出心裁地唱了一出“空城计”,化险为夷,留下千古美谈。2011年2月11日,印度外长克里希纳在联合国发言时,念错了稿子,引起底下一片骚动,那是相当的尴尬。可克里希纳却镇定自若,微微一笑,颇有大将风度地说:“啊,文件太多了,忙中出错,看来文山会海真是害死人哪?”淡定的一句话就巧妙地化解了被动局面,台下传来了善意的笑声和掌声。

(4)淡定,也指在名利诱惑面前不为所动的淡泊精神,得之淡然,失之泰然。太史公有言:“天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下攘攘,皆为利往。”乾隆问和珅:“运河上千帆竞发,船来船往,都运的是什么?”和珅答曰:“一为名,一为利。”可见,自古至今,能轻名利者不多。东汉 * * 冯异算是一个,他为人谦逊低调,每当宿营时,将领们就坐在一起争功,冯异却常一个人躲在树下休息,人称“大树 * * ”。这是在名前的淡定。东汉大臣甄宇也是一个,每年腊月祭祀后,皇帝要赏赐给博士每人一头羊。羊有大小肥瘦,很不好分,常引争执,甄宇就主动牵走了最瘦小的羊,人称“瘦羊博士”。这是在利前的淡定。

(5)淡定,还指在胜败利钝面前从容不迫,胜不骄,败不馁。东晋时,淝水之战的捷报送到京城时,主帅谢安与客人正在下棋。他拿过捷报阅过,便随手放在一边,不动声色继续下棋,就好像什么也没有看到一般。他淡定如水,客人却忍不住问道:“前方战事如何?”他漫不经心地回答:“孩子们已打败了敌人。”依旧从容安详。这便是他的淡定涵养,“不以物喜,不以己悲”,胜败都是过眼云烟。

(6)淡定,还有面对生死的自若精神。“千古艰难唯一死”,面对死亡仍能保持淡定,尤为难能可贵。金圣叹受“抗粮哭庙”案牵连而被朝廷处以极刑,泰然自若,临刑不惧,边酌边说:“割头,痛事也,快事也;割头而先饮酒,痛快痛快!”嵇康遭人陷害,临行前,神色不变,如同平常,还在刑场上抚了一曲《广陵散》。曲毕,叹息道:“昔袁孝尼尝从吾学《广陵散》,吾每靳固之,《广陵散》于今绝矣!”说完后,嵇康从容就戮。

(7)时下,戾气太重,使人总处于紧张之中,幸福指数大打折扣。有了淡定情怀,大家才能心平气和,轻看身外之物,直面灾害和困难,做到“宠辱不惊,闲看庭前花开花落;去留无意,漫观天外云卷云舒。”

小题1:概括文章的中心论点。(2分)

小题2:文中开头引用苏轼的词作有什么作用?(3分)

小题3:文章第(4)段论述的主要内容是什么?运用了什么论证方法?(3分)

小题4:结合文章内容,联系你的学习和生活,谈谈你获得的启示。(4分)

单项选择题 A1型题