问题 选择题

如图所示,在一个圆柱形导热的气缸中,用活塞封闭了一部分空气,活塞与气缸壁间是密封而光滑的,一弹簧秤挂在活塞上,将整个气缸悬吊在天花板上。当外界气温升高(大气压不变)时,(   )

A.弹簧秤示数变大

B.弹簧秤示数变小

C.弹簧秤示数不变

D.条件不足,无法判断

答案

答案:C

【错解分析】错解:对活塞进行受力分析,如图由活塞平衡条件可知:F=mg+p0S-pS当外界气温上升时,气体压强增大,所以弹簧秤的接力F将变小,所以答案应选B。

主要是因为对气体压强变化的判断,没有认真细致地具体分析,而是凭直觉认为温度升高,压强增大。

【正解】对活塞受力分析如错解,F=mg+p0S-pS

现在需要讨论一下气体压强的变化。以气缸为对象受力分析,如图

因为M、S、P0均为不变量,所以,在气体温度变化时,气体的压强不变。而气体在此过程中作等压膨胀。

由此而知,弹簧秤的示数不变,正确答案为C。

【点评】通过本题的分析可以看出,分析问题时,研究对象的选取对解决问题方向的作用是至关重要的。如本题要分析气体压强的变化情况,选取气缸为研究对象比研究活塞要方便得多。另外如本题只是分析弹簧秤的示数变化,选整个气缸和活塞为研究对象更为方便,因对气缸加热的过程中,气缸、气体及活塞所受重力不变,所以弹簧秤对它们的拉力就不会变化,因此弹簧秤的示数不变。

完形填空

第二节完形填空(共15题,每小题1分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I dropped my 5-year-old daughter off at the day care centre(育儿中心) yesterday. There we saw one of her friends sitting at a table  16    , crying. She sometimes gets   17   when her mom leaves. My daughter often  18  with her, and they’re good friends. When we saw the little girl   19  , I asked my daughter if she wanted to go and  20  with her. She said, "Yes, I don’t want her to be 21   ,"and then took her breakfast to sit beside her friend. I watched her  22   her food and talk to the little girl.

Walking back to my car I was very  23    to know that my little girl had a kind  24    . When I got home last night, I asked her how her day had been. She said that her 25   wasn’t sad any more. She was proud to have shared (分享) her 26    with her and played with her all day . I praised my daughter for being such a caring friend and 27  her that I was very proud of her. She 28    , and told me that she didn’t like to see people sad.

I hugged her and told her what a wonderful girl she was. 29   , she said "I’m Daddy’s little girl!" I couldn’t help but smile, and was proud to be her dad. My little girl has 30   me a lot. Because of her I do my best to make people who may be sad smile.

16. A. alone     B. alike       C. likely      D. lonely

17. A. bored     B. surprised   C. excited     D. worried

18. A. agrees    B. plays       C. fights    D. argues

19. A. singing   B. talking     C. crying     D. dancing

20. A. sit          B. wait        C. pass     D. drop

21. A. Frightened   B. nervous     C. afraid    D. sad

22. A. make       B. eat         C . enjoy    D. share

23. A. happy      B. disappointed C. helpful    D. Great

24. A. mind       B. heart       C. feeling    D. idea

25. A. daughter    B. teacher     C. toy       D. friend

26. A. feeling      B. drink      C. food      D. dream

27. A. taught      B. wrote      C. told       D. asked

28. A. cried       B. smiled     C. shouted    D. disagreed

29. A. quickly     B. luckily     C. proudly    D. rudely(粗鲁地)

30. A. encouraged  B. suggested  C. taught      D. told

单项选择题