问题 问答题 简答题

论述盲和低视力的康复。

答案

参考答案:

一些眼病患者虽经积极治疗,仍处于盲和低视力状态。对于这些患者并不意味着已经毫无希望,应当采取康复措施,目的是尽可能地使这些患者能过着接近正常人的生活。眼科医生的责任不仅在于诊断、治疗和预防那些致盲眼病,而且应当关注处于盲和低视力状态患者的康复。应当尽快地使盲人适应生活。盲人适应生活的能力,可因盲发生年龄、患者的性格、受教育程度、经济状况及其他因素而有很大的差别。老年盲人可能会较平静地接受盲的事实,而对青壮年来说,盲的状态常会对他们的职业和社会生活造成巨大冲击。出生时就失明的人,或视力是逐渐而不是突然丧失的人,会相对平静地接受盲的事实。不同类型的盲人会有不同的需要。因此盲人的康复应根据具体情况采取个体化实施。老年盲人可能最需要适应家庭生活方面的训练,而年轻的盲人则需要适应社会生活、教育、工作等比较全面的训练,包括盲文方面的训练。对于仍有部分视力的盲人和低视力患者来说,应当采用光学助视器和非光学助视器来改进他们的视觉活动能力,使他们利用残余视力工作和学习,以便获得较高的生活质量。现代科学技术的进步会给盲人带来方便。声纳眼镜、障碍感应发生器、激光手杖、触觉助视器等虽然不能给盲人获得正常人那样的影像,但明显提高了他们的生活质量。人工视觉的研究有可能使盲人重建视觉。盲人的教育和就业也是一个很重要的问题。我国主要通过民政部门和残疾人联合会开展工作,很多地方设立了盲童学校,进行文化和专业技术培训。国家对吸引盲人的单位给予优惠政策,有助于全社会都来关心盲人,使他们能像健康人一样幸福地生活。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     "If you want to see a thing well,reach out and touch it!"

     That may seem a strange thing to say it.But touching things can help you to see them better.

     Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round.But by holding it in your hands,you can feel

how smooth and cool the ball is.You can feel how heavy the glass is.When you feel all these

about the ball,you really see it.With your skin,you can feel better.For example,your fingers

can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket.You can feel a little drop of water

on the back of your hand,too.You can even feel sounds against your skin.Have you ever

wanted to know why some people like very loud music?They must like to feel the sounds

of music.

     All children soon learn what "Don't touch!"means.They hear it often.Yet most of us keep

on touching things as we grow up.In shops,we touch things we might buy:food,clothes.To see

something well,we have to touch it.The bottoms of our feet can feel things,too.You know

this when you walk on warm sand,cool grass or a hard floor.All feel different under your feet.

     There are ways of learning to see well by feeling.One way is to close your eyes and try to

feel everything that is touching your skin.Feel the shoes on your feet,the clothes on your body,

the air on your skin.At first,it is not easy to feel these things.You are too used to feel them!

     Most museums are just for looking.But today some museums have some things to touch.

Their signs say,"Do touch!"There you can feel everything on show.

     If you want to see better,reach out and touch.Then you will really see!

1.By touching things________.

A.you will have a strange feeling

B.you will learn how to reach out your hand

C.you can learn more about them

D.you can tell what colors they really are

2.Which of the following can be the best title of the story?_____

A.Touching by Feeling

B.To See or to Feel

C.To See Better-Feel

D.Ways of Feeling

3.Which of the following parts can tell you the difference between two coins in

your pocket?______

A.your fingers

B.your eyes

C.your skin

D.your back

4.What can't your skin feel?_____

A.Sounds.

B.Darkness.

C.Water.

D.Coins.

5.Which of the following is NOT true?_____

A.Touching is helping us to see better.

B.Our skins may help us enjoy music.

C.People don't have to learn to feel.

D.Visitors can't feel the things on show in any museums