问题 探究题

田径运动中,不同运动项目对运动鞋摩擦力的要求不同。王玲同学对“不同类型的运动鞋底在相同平面上滑动时摩擦力的大小”进行了探究,如图所示。

王玲先测出每只不同类型运动鞋的质量,再往质量小的鞋子里均匀摆放砝码,使鞋子(连同鞋里的砝码)的质量均相等。接着用弹簧测力计先后匀速拉动不同类型的运动鞋,使它们沿水平桌面滑动,读取各次弹簧测力计的读数。

(1)探究中“使鞋子(连同鞋里的砝码)的质量均相等”与研究问题的关系是:

_______________________________________ ,此种研究方法称为 _____________ 。

(2)测量时,沿水平方向匀速拉动运动鞋,运动鞋做 _________ 运动,此时运动鞋所受滑动摩擦力与弹簧测力计拉力的大小 _______ 。

(3)实验收集的数据是 ______________________________________ ,依据学过的物理知识和生活经验可知,实验得到的结论是: ____________________________________。

答案

(1)保证实验时,鞋对平面的压力相同;控制变量法

(2)匀速直线;相等

(3)相同压力下,不同鞋底,与水平面间的摩擦力的大小;鞋底越粗糙,受到地面的摩擦力越大

完形填空

    Of all the men who ever liked fresh air, no one liked it more than James Wilson did. He _1__ slept with his window open even when snow was falling outside.

One winter, he went to Finland on business. When he _2__ his room in the hotel, he found that the windows were closed to __3__ the icy air out. He did his best to open one but failed. The bed was really __4___, but Wilson couldn’t sleep. He __5__ forget the closed windows. No fresh air! It was __6___ to think of.

At about one o’clock in the morning, he was __7__ awake. Worrying about the air in the room. He became very angry. Where was the __8__ ? He could see something that looked like __9___ over there. He threw a shoe at it through the darkness with all the force of his strong right arm. A terrible sound of breaking glass _10__ the room, but to Wilson’s sad heart, it seemed like the sound of __11___ music.

When daylight came through the window, he __12___ and lay with his eyes close. There was __13__ to worry about. __14___ was it ? Oh, the broken window! Yes, indeed. He would have to pay __15__ that. He opened his eyes to look.

Suddenly he sat up in __16__. The window was not broken at all. The __17__ was all in one piece, just as good as it had been the night before. __18__ fresh air was entering the room through the window!

He then turned his eyes to the __19__ and saw a broken picture __20__ on the wall. There was a shoe on the floor below it, and a lot of broken glasses around the shoe.

1. A. seldom           B. often                 C. sometimes          D. always

2. A. left             B. cleaned               C. entered            D. examined

3. A. prevent          B. keep                  C. stop               D. send

4. A. cold             B. comfortable           C. bad                D. terrible

5. A. shouldn’t       B. wasn’t able to       C. couldn’t          D. wouldn’t

6. A. unlucky          B. anxious               C. difficult          D. terrible

7. A. already          B. nearly                C. hardly             D. still

8. A. waiter           B. manager               C. window             D. light

9. A. paper            B. glass                 C. a picture          D. a man

10. A. destroyed       B. covered               C. filled             D. entered

11. A. funny           B. strange               C. beautiful          D. famous

12. A. got up          B. woke up               C. went in            D. came down

13. A. a lot           B. little                C. something          D. someone

14. A. What            B. How                   C. Where              D. Who

15. A. to              B. with                  C. from               D. for

16. A. silence         B. surprise              C. trouble            D. pain

17. A. window          B. picture               C. glass              D. shoe

18. A. Much            B. No                    C. Still              D. Yet

19. A. outside         B. top                   C. side               D. bottom

20. A. lying           B. hanging               C. falling            D. put    

判断题