用化学用语表示
(1)2个氮原子________。
(2)氧化铝中铝元素的化合价为＋3价________。
(3)
是硫元素的某种粒子结构示意图，该图表示________(填粒子符号)。
本题考查化学用语的意义及书写，解题关键是分清化学用语所表达的对象是分子、原子、离子还是化合价，才能在化学符号前或其它位置加上适当的计量数来完整地表达其意义，并能根据物质化学式的书写规则正确书写物质的化学式，才能熟练准确的解答此类题目。（1）原子的表示方法就是用元素符号来表示一个原子，表示多个该原子，就在其元素符号前加上相应的数字，所以2个氮原子，就可表示为2N；
（2）元素化合价的表示方法：确定出化合物中所要标出的元素的化合价，然后在其化学式的该元素的上方用正负号和数字表示，正负号在前，数字在后，因为氧化铝中铝元素的化合价为+3价，故可表示为
；
（3）根据粒子结构示意图，质子数为16，电子数为18，质子数小于电子数，故表示阴离子，且为带两个单位负电荷的硫离子，其符号为：S2-
| In the 1960s, the Pharmaceutical Company Sandoz marketed its tranquilizer Serentil with ads suggesting the drug be prescribed to "the newcomer in town who can’t make friends and the woman who can’t get along with her new daughter-in-law. The executive who can’t accept retirement." But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stopped the ads. Drugs are supposed to treat illnesses, the agency said, not the changes of living. Isn’t that an unusual idea The FDA was worried back then about an overmedicated society. Today 7% of Americans are on antidepressants (many more have tried them), and ads try to persuade people to buy drugs for problems like fatigue, loneliness and sadness. Still, drug companies aren’t the (sole) villain. Horwitz, dean of social and behavioral sciences at Rutgers, and Wakefield, an expert on mental-illness diagnosis at New York University, persuasively argue that many instances of normal sadness are now misdiagnosed as depressive disorder. They also point out that the capacity to feel sad is an evolutionarily selected trait that we might not want to drug away. We’ve been living in an age of sadness for at lease two decades. But while it’s tempting to blame our culture — fear of terrorists, too much caffeine — there’s a more straightforward explanation for the boom in sadness. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association published a new definition of depression that was a radical departure from the old one, which had described "depressive neurosis" as "an excessive reaction of depression due to an internal conflict or to an identifiable event such as the loss of a love object." To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder today, you need have only five symptoms for two weeks, which can include depressed mood, weight gain, insomnia, fatigue and indecisiveness. The definition does make an exception for bereavement: if you recently lost a loved one, such symptoms are not considered disordered. But it doesn’t make exceptions for other things that make us sad — divorce or financial stress. Still, is there anything wrong with medicating normal sadness if you don’t mind side effects Horwitz and Wakefield take no position on this. They point out that women giving birth take painkillers even though pain is a normal part of the process. But they also note that "loss responses are part of our biological heritage." Nonhuman primates separated from sexual partners or peers have physiological responses that correlate with sadness. Human infants express despair to evoke sympathy from others. These sadness responses suggest sorrow is genetic and that it is useful for attracting social support, protecting us from aggressors and teaching us that whatever prompted the sadness — say, getting fired because you were always late to work — is behavior to be avoided. This is a brutal economic approach to the mind, but it makes sense: we are sometimes meant to suffer emotional pain so that we will make better choices. |
The word "bereavement" (Para. 3) means ______ .
A．( loss of one’s pets
B．( loss of one’s beloved
C．( loss of one’s mind
D．( loss of one’s valuables
