问题 单项选择题 A1型题

有机磷农药的靶器官是()

A.瞳孔

B.唾液腺

C.骨骼肌

D.平滑肌

E.神经系统

答案

参考答案:E

解析:所谓靶器官是指污染物进入机体后,对机体的器官并不产生同样的毒性作用,而只是对部分器官产生直接毒性作用。某种有害物质首先在部分器官中达到毒性作用的临界浓度,这种器官就称为该有害物质的靶器官。如脑是甲基汞和汞的靶器官,甲状腺是碘化物和钴的靶器官等。在靶器官的组织内可能存在该物质分子的特异作用部位受体;也可能该器官中具有较高活性的代谢酶,将物质代谢活化后对机体产生毒性作用。靶器官不一定是效应器官,有些物质作用于靶器官后其毒性作用直接由靶器官表现出来,此时效应器官就是靶器官;但有些物质的毒性作用是由靶器官以外的其他器官表现出来的,如有机磷农药的靶器官是神经系统,而效应器官是瞳孔、唾液腺等。靶器官与蓄积器官也有区别,毒物对蓄积器官不一定起毒性作用,虽然有些部位有害物质浓度高于靶器官。如DDT在脂肪中可达到很高浓度,但靶器官却是中枢神经系统和肝脏。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father, "But, Dad, you can't be healthy if

you're dead."

     Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt-a

mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why.

     There have been many myths (谬论) about safety belts ever since their first appearance m cars some

forty years ago. The following are three of the most common.

     Myth Number One: It's best to be "thrown clear" of a serious accident.

     Truth: Sorry, but any accident serious enough to "throw you clear" is also going to be serious enough

to give you a very bad landing. And chances are that you'll have traveled through a wind-shield (挡风玻璃)

or door to do it. Studies show that chances of dying after a car accident are twenty-five times greater in

cases where people are "thrown clear".

     Myth Number Two: Safety belts "trap" people in cars that are burning or sinking in water.

     Truth: Sorry again but studies show that people knocked unconscious (昏迷) due to not wearing safety

belts have a greater chance of dying in these accidents. People wearing safety belts are usually protected to

the point of having a clear head to free themselves from such dangerous situations, not to be trapped in them.

     Myth Number Three: Safety belts aren't needed at speeds of less than 30 miles per hour.

     Truth: When two cars traveling at 30 mph hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield

with a force equal to diving head first into the ground from a height of 10 meters.

1. Why did Elizabeth say to her father "But, Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead"?

A. He was driving at great speed.

B. He didn't have his safety belt on.

C. He was running across the street.

D. He didn't take his medicine on time.

2. The reason why Father was in a hurry to get home was that he _____.

A. wasn't feeling very well

B. hated to drive in the dark

C. wanted to take some exercise

D. didn't want to be caught by the police

3. According to the text, to be "thrown clear" of a serious accident is very dangerous because you _____.

A. may get seriously hurt being thrown out of the car

B. may be knocked down by other cars

C. may find it impossible to get away from the seat

D. may get caught in the car door

5. What is the advice given in the text?

A. Never drive faster than 30 miles an hour.

B. Never forget to wear a safety belt while driving.

C. Try your best to save yourself in a car accident.

D. Drive slowly while you're not wearing a safety belt.

问答题 简答题