问题 阅读理解与欣赏

节选自《穷人》

        渔夫的妻子桑娜坐在火炉旁边补一张破帆。屋外寒风(呼啸   怒吼),(波涛汹涌  汹涌澎湃)的海浪(拍击   打击)着海岸,(溅   掀)起一阵阵浪花。海上正起着(暴风   风暴), 外面有黑又冷,这间渔家的小屋里却(暖和   温暖)而(舒服   舒适),地扫得干干净净,炉子里的火没有熄,食具在搁板上(闪闪发光    闪闪发亮)。挂着白色帐子的床上,五个孩子正在海风呼啸中(平静   安静)地睡着。丈夫清早驾着小船出海,这时候还没有回来。桑娜听着波涛的(汹涌    轰鸣)和狂风的(怒吼      呼啸),感到(胆战心惊   心惊肉跳)。

1.划掉括号中不恰当的词语。

2.这个片断选自           国著名作家            所写的               一文,从这段话可以知道,桑娜一家生活是                     的,从                   可以看出来;桑娜是一个                  的人,从                                可以看出来;桑娜这时的心情是                         ,因为                                      。

答案

1.怒吼、汹涌澎湃   打击   掀   暴风   暖和   舒服   闪闪发光    平静   汹涌   呼啸    胆战心惊

2.俄      列夫·托尔斯泰    贫穷的     从第一句可以看出勤劳     

      地扫得干干净净,食具在搁板上闪闪发亮             非常焦急的  

      丈夫清早驾着小船出海,这时候还没回来。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Some years ago, a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together.

Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. The police determined

that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them. However, her memory of the men

proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a

more complete account from the woman. His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear

picture of one of the suspects. The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close

the case.

     The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of

memory-rebuilding process. Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often

only recall part of the relevant information. Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress. But

a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific

interviewing techniques. The "cognitive interview" was developed in the late 1990s. It encourages the witness

to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.

     The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The

interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the detail', of what

happened from different perspectives (角度).

     The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking

about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything

that comes to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is; retelling events in a variety of time orders,

such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives

while recalling events.

     Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly

50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. It is

proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of

witness testimony (证词).

1. The purpose of the passage is to _____.

A. give an account of a murder case

B. help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview

C. prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview

D. introduce an idea of cognitive interview

2. What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness?

A. The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event.

B. The information about the event in the time order.

C. The important things that come to his or her mind.

D. The exact time at which a murder took place.

3. The key point in a cognitive interview is that _____.

A. the interview should take place outside the police station

B. the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time

C. the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information

D. the witness should recall details at the scene of the event

4. The underlined word "distorted" in the passage probably means "_____."

A. changed

B. balanced

C. arranged

D. examined