问题 问答题

【背景材料】
北京某集团公司投资新建一工程项目,建设期为4年,建设期内各年度借款额详见表6-1。
表6-1建设期内各年度借款额

建设期年度第一年第二年第三年第四年
借款额/万元400600500300
现有3种借款方案:
1.向甲银行借款,年利率为16%,每季度计息一次,最终银行再给予一定优惠,退还利息额50万元;
2.向乙银行借款,年利率为15.85%,每月计息一次
3.向丙银行借款,年利率为16.4%,每半年计息一次,最终银行再给予一定优惠,退还利息总额的5.5%【问题】
1.若各年借款额在建设期各年年初发生,建设期内不支付利息,则计算3种借款方案所产生的建设期利息,并选出最优方案。
2.公司最终决定向丁银行借款,年利率为17%,每年计息一次,各年借款额在建设期各年年内均衡发生,建设期内逐年支付利息,请计算建设期利息。

答案

参考答案:

1.当各年借款额在建设期各年年初发生时:

方案一:实际利率

计算第一年借款利息:

P1-1=0

A1=400万元

Q1=(P1-1+A1)×i=(0+400)万元×16.99%=67.96万元

计算第二年借款利息:

P2-1=(400+67.96)万元=467.96万元

A2=600万元

Q2=(P2-1+A2)×i=(467.96+600)万元×16.99%=181.45万元

计算第三年借款利息:

P3-1=(467.96+600+181.45)万元=1249.41万元

A3=500万元

Q3=(P3-1+A3)×i=(1249.41+500)万元×16.99%=297.22万元

计算第四年借款利息:

P4-1=(1249.41+500+297.22)万元=2046.63万元

A4=300万元

Q4=(P4-1+A4)×i=(2046.63+300)万元×16.99%=398.69万元

则方案一建设期总利息额为:

Q甲总=(67.96+181.45+297.22+398.69-50)万元=895.32万元

方案二:实际利率

计算第一年借款利息:

P1-1=0

A1=400万元

Q1=(P1-1+A1)×i=(0+400)万元×17.05%=68.2万元

计算第二年借款利息:

P2-1=(400+68.2)万元=468.2万元

A2=600万元

Q2=(P2-1+A2)×i=(468.2+600)万元×17.05%=182.13万元

计算第三年借款利息:

P3-1=(468.2+600+182.13)万元=1250.33万元

A3=500万元

Q3=(P3-1+A3)×i=(1250.33+500)万元×17.05%=298.43万元

计算第四年借款利息:

P4-1=(1250.33+500+298.43)万元=2048.76万元

A4=300万元

Q4(P4-1+A4)×i=(2048.76+300)万元×17.05%=400.46万元

则方案二建设期总利息额为:

Q乙总=(68.2+182.13+298.43+400.46)万元=949.22万元

方案三:实际利率

计算第一年借款利息:

P1-1=0

A1=400万元

Q1=(P1-1+A1)×i=(0+400)万元×17.07%=68.28万元

计算第二年借款利息:

P2-1=(400+68.28)万元=468.28万元

A2=600万元

Q2=(P2-1+A2)×i=(468.2+600)万元×17.07%=182.36万元

计算第三年借款利息:

P3-1=(468.28+600+182.36)万元=1 250.64万元

A3=500万元

Q3=(P3-1+A3)×i=(1250.64+500)万元×17.07%=298.83万元

计算第四年借款利息:

P4-1=(1250.64+500+298.83)万元=2049.47万元

A4=300万元

Q4=(P4-1+A4)×i=(2049.47+300)万元×17.07%=401.06万元

则方案三建设期总利息额为:

Q丙总=(68.28+182.36+298.83+401.06)万元×(1-5.5%)=898.25万元

将3种方案按照金额排序,确定方案一为最优方案。

2.因为每年计息一次,所以实际利率与名义利率相等。

i=17%

计算第一年借款利息:

P1-1=0

A1=400万元

Q1=(P1-1+A1/2)×i=(0+400/2)万元×17%=34万元

计算第二年借款利息:

P2-1=400万元

A2=600万元

Q2=(P2-1+A2/2)×i=(400+600/2)万元×17%=119万元

计算第三年借款利息:

P3-1=1000万元

A3=500万元

Q3=(P3-1+A3/2)×i=(1000+500/2)万元×17%=212.5万元

计算第四年借款利息:

P4-1=1500万元

A4=300万元

Q4=(P4-1+A4/2)×i=(1500+300/2)万元×17%=280.5万元

则建设期总利息额为:

(Q=(34+119+212.5+280.5)万元=646万元

填空题
阅读理解

Before Alaska became part of the U.S., it had been owned by Russia. Trading posts and small settlements were scattered along the coast. The rest of land was left unexplored. The Russians were mainly interested in the wealth of furs from the vast herds of seals they found there.

By the mid-1800’s, most of the seal herds had been wiped out, and Russia no longer wanted to keep Alaska. William Seward, Secretary of State for President Johnson, believed the United States should buy Alaska from Russia. President Johnson wasn’t so sure it was a wise way to spend U.S. money, but he agreed to let Seward discuss it with the Russians. Acting quickly, Seward made a deal. On March 30, 1867, he signed an agreement for the U.S. to pay seven million dollars for the land.

Many people thought it was a foolish waste of America’s money. They called the deal “Seward’s folly”. Then gold was discovered in Alaska and public opinion changed quickly.

Seward did not live to see the true value of Alaska. He died in 1872, five years after making the purchase (购买). Each year, Alaska’s natural resources(资源) have brought in many times the $7,000,000 paid for it. Natural gas, coal, oil, lumber, seafood and other minerals, besides the gold first found, have made it a valuable addition to the United States. In 1959, Alaska be-came the 49th state of the United States.

小题1:The Russians wanted to sell Alaska because ______.

A.they thought it wasn’t a good place

B.they thought it didn’t belong to Russia

C.they couldn’t find enough seals there

D.they wanted to earn more money from the U.S.小题2:When Seward signed the agreement, many people thought ______.

A.it was a successful deal

B.it had its true value

C.he wasted U.S. money

D.he was clever小题3:Which of the following things was found first in Alaska?

A.Gas.

B.Coal.

C.Oil.

D.Gold.小题4:The best title for this passage would probably be ______.

A.Alaska, a beautiful place

B.Alaska with natural resources

C.Alaska, the 49th state of the U.S.

D.Alaska, home to seals