问题 问答题 简答题

平衡预算的财政思想和相机抉择财政思想的区别是什么?

答案

参考答案:财政思想指的是保持财政支出与收入的平衡,使财政不存在盈余,也不存在赤字。如年平衡预算,它是一种量入为出的经济政策,在经济繁荣时期选择增加支出、减税等政策来消除增加的盈余,在经济济萧条时期,则通过增税和减少支出来消除赤字。很明显,这种政策会加剧经济的波动。相机抉择则是一种积极的补偿性财政政策。它的目的是为了实现经济的稳定,而不是单单追求财政的平衡。如在经济过度繁荣,出现通货膨胀时,政府采取增税和减少支出的办法来抑制经济的增长;当出现大量失业时,政府会减税和增加政府开支来刺激经济,增加就业机会。平衡预算思想和相机抉择思想的区别在于前者强调财政收支的平衡,而后者则强调追求无通货膨胀的充分就业以及经济的稳定。

单项选择题

There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service (1) (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, (2) there are opportunities for overseas service for (3) technicians in developing countries. Some people, (4) those who retire early, (5) their technical and business skills in countries (6) there is a special need.

So in considering voluntary or (7) community service, there are more opportunities than there (8) were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time

(9) and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. (10) some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not (11) them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different (12) , both personal and (13) . One should not join them (14) to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the (15) , not business efficiency. Because salaries are (16) or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for (17) , simply because they enjoy the work.

Many community activities possible (18) retirement were also possible during one’s working life but they are to be undertaken (19) seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider (20) community service.

20()

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. taking

D. being taken

单项选择题