问题 不定项选择

(2004年)下列有关法与社会关系的表述何者为正确?

A.中国固有的法律文化深受伦理的影响;而宗教对于西方社会法律信仰的形成具有重要的影响,为确立“法律至上”观念奠定了基础

B.“法的社会化”是西方现代市场经济发展中出现的现象,表明法律是市场经济的宏观调控手段

C.凡属道德所调整的社会关系,必为法律调整;凡属法律所调整的社会关系,则不一定为道德所调整

D.生命科学的发展、器官移植技术的成熟对法律具有积极影响

答案

参考答案:A,B,D

解析:解析:本题考查考生的法理功底。BCD 三项很容易处理,本题难点在于A 项。乍一看,由于受我国文化传统的影响,考生很容易把A 项后半句中的“宗教”与“法律至上”规定对立开来,从而排除A 项、而司法考试最忌“想当然”。宗教作为一种重要的文化现象,在全世界范围内都对法律发生过重要的影响。宗教对法律的影响,既有积极方面,也有消极方面;既有观念层面,也有制度层面。较明显地体现在立法、司法、守法等各个环节上。首先,宗教可以推动立法,许多宗教教义实际上都表达了人类的一般价值追求。部分教义被法律吸收,成为立法的基本精神。《圣经》、《古兰经》、《摩奴法典》等宗教经典,分别对西方两大法系、伊斯兰法、古印度法产生了根本性的影响。其次,宗教影响司法程序。在宗教作为国教与政教合一的地方,宗教法庭直接掌握部分司法权。在西欧中世纪,教会独立行使司法权,世俗 * * 则负责执行教会的命令,如给教徒开除教籍处分者,在法律上就成为放逐法外之人。中世纪教会司法权不但及于教徒而且及于俗人,对教会执事提起的民事诉讼、执事向俗人提起之民事诉讼未获公正解决者,等等,均由宗教法庭管辖。在政教合一的伊斯兰国家,教会行使司法权,法官均为教会权威人士。从诉讼审判方式来看,宗教宣誓有助于简化审判程序。同时,宗教宣扬的公正观念、诚实观念、容忍、爱心等对司法也有影响;宗教容忍观有利于减少诉讼。又知,国家首脑即位、法官公正执法以及证人出庭作证,都必须首先进行宣誓。再次,宗教信仰有助于提高人们守法的自觉性。宗教提倡与人为善、容忍精神等,公民习惯于循规蹈矩,不为损害他人和社会的行为。宗教超自然的崇拜、各种精神祭祀等等,均使法律蒙上神秘的、超自然的色彩,增加了法律的威慑力。有了以上知识,考生会毫不犹豫地确定A项的正确性。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     You've probably heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it?

     The Internet is a computer network that uses the telephone system to connect together millions of

computers around the world.

     Maybe that isn't very exciting but once you're connected to the Internet, there are lots and lots of

different things you can do. You can send electronic messages or "e-mails" to your friends (as long as

they're on the Internet, too), or you can sort through all kinds of information on something called the

World Wide Web.

     You don't need to know how the Internet works in order to use it, but if you understand the basics,

it may help you work out any technical problems you have - and of course you can help your friends

with your knowledge!

     You may think that your telephone is just for talking. But as long as you have the equipment (设备),

you can use a telephone line to send computer data (数据) as well as sounds. If you connect your

computer with the telephone system, it can receive information from and to other computers (as long as

they are connected with the telephone system, too).

     Because there is not an organization which operates the Internet, no one exactly knows how many

people are connected to it. It's thought that there could be 60 million people on the Net, connected up to

over 15 million computers! et

1. If you want to link your PC with the Internet, you need, first of all, to ______.

A. learn how to operate a computer

B. know how to make a telephone call

C. have a telephone

D. learn how to type on a computer

2. You can keep in touch with your friends by e-mail. The condition is that _______.

A. they also have their own telephones

B. they also have their own computers

C. you have already known their telephone numbers

D. they are also connected to the Internet

3. According to the writer, it's better to _______.

A. know how to work out technical problems besides using the Internet

B. use the Internet besides working out technical problems

C. sort through all kinds of information on the World Wide Web

D. help your friends connect their PCs with the Intern

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